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Efficient RF Power Amplification and Combination Over-the-Air Based on Constant-Envelope Components
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Resumo(s)
Energy efficiency (EE) and consumption have become critical concerns for mobile telecommunications operators, where the radio access network (RAN) accounts for the majority of the energy consumption. In 4G, 5G, and upcoming 6G systems, the multicarrier waveforms employed, such as orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), pose significant RAN EE challenges due to their high peak-to-average power ratios (PAPRs), imposing strict transmitter-level linearity requirements. However, RF power amplifiers (PAs) display a trade-off between their linearity and efficiency. This work explores power combination over-the-air (PCOA), where four constant-envelope components are individually amplified by switched-mode PAs (SMPAs) and transmitted by a 4 \times 4 microstrip patch antenna array. A 2 \times 2 subarray is allocated to each component, and beamforming is used to combine them at the channel level, minimizing circuit-based power combiner insertion losses. Analytical, optimized sizing strategies are presented for the SMPAs, at the system level, and for the array. Moreover, a high-level PCOA model is developed to simulate the impact of the component-level scalings, PA sizings, noise, insertion losses, array mutual coupling, mutual coupling compensation strategy, steering direction, and path loss on the PCOA system performance. For all scalings, it is shown that PCOA is correctly performed to any steering direction within a sector, introduces array gain, and reduces the interference to neighboring systems, with the array presenting radiation efficiencies as high as 81.4%. This suggests that the PCOA technique can play a key role in addressing the EE-linearity trade-off in upcoming 6G systems.
Descrição
Publisher Copyright: © 2013 IEEE.
Palavras-chave
Antenna arrays Beamforming Energy efficiency Microstrip patch antenna Mutual coupling Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing Peak-to-average power ratio Power amplifier Power combination over-the-air RF General Computer Science General Materials Science General Engineering