A carregar...
Publicação
Neoplasia maligna do pulmão e hábitos tabágicos : abordagem epidemiológica
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 143.91 KB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
RESUMO - A neoplasia maligna do pulmão (NMP) é actualmente uma
das principais causas de morte por cancro, sendo o consumo
de tabaco responsável por cerca de 90% de mortes
por esta patologia. O número de mortes por cancro do
pulmão estimadas para o ano 2000, no mundo, excedem os
3000000 (Peto, 1992), o que torna este tema uma preocupação
constante para a comunidade médica e uma área
de intervenção, sobretudo ao nível da prevenção e rastreio.
Desde os anos 50, em que os primeiros estudos epidemiológicos
com consistência foram publicados, até 1964, em
que o cirurgião geral dos EUA reportou os riscos do consumo
de tabaco para a saúde, têm vindo a acumular-se
evidências da associação entre a quantidade de cigarros
fumados e a incidência da doença e a existência de maior
número de fumadores entre os sujeitos com cancro pulmonar
(estudos de coorte e caso-controlo).
Se existe consistência na associação entre consumo activo
de tabaco e NMP, já o risco de contrair cancro do pulmão
relacionado com os fumadores passivos levanta ainda
algumas dúvidas em estudos recentes (Lee e Forey, 1996),
apesar do elevado número de estudos que suportam o
efeito deletério do fumo consumido passivamente.
Desde a exposição das esposas de fumadores activos até à
exposição das crianças ao fumo do tabaco e à exposição em
função da ocupação profissional, vários estudos utilizaram
estes factores como fonte de informação sobre os efeitos do
fumo passivo na incidência de NMP. Contudo, o risco de
um fumador contrair cancro do pulmão diminui se desistir
de fumar, assim como o risco de contrair outras patologias
associadas ao tabaco (Tong, 1996).
É, portanto, nosso objectivo rever os principais estudos
epidemiológicos relativos à associação entre NMP e hábitos
tabágicos, elucidando os modelos de investigação utilizados,
realizando uma análise crítica a algumas metodologias
e prospectivando meios de rastreio e ideias de
prevenção primária para o futuro.
ABSTRACT - Lung malignant neoplasm (LMN) is, at present, one of the main causes of death from cancer, being cigarette smoking responsible for nearly 90% of the cases. It is estimated that, if the worldwide trend continues, the rise in the lung cancer mortality rates will exceed 3,000,000 deaths in the year 2000 (Pote, 1992). The health consequences of smoking become, therefore, one of the greatest concerns of the medical community and an area of intervention both at prevention and survey levels. Since the 50’s, when the first consistent epidemiologic studies were published, to 1964 when the US Surgeon-General reported the health hazards of smoking, there has been an increasing evidence of the causal relationship between excessive cigarette consumption and cancer incidence, as well as of a larger number of smokers among the patients suffering from lung cancer. The obtained results are confirmed by the carrying out of cohort and control studies. If lung cancer, incurred by cigarette active consumption has been clearly documented, the risk of developing such a disease by inhaling second-hand cigarette smoke or «passive smoking» still seems to arouse some controversy according to recent studies (Lee and Forey, 1996), despite the numerous reports supporting the deleterious effect of smoke inhaled passively. Based on several factors as the exposure of wives of tobaccoconsuming individuals, exposure of children to cigarette smoke and exposure in the workplaces, various studies were made using such factors as an information source about the effects of passive smoking on the incidence of LMN. However, the risk of a smoker developing lung cancer or other cigarette-related pathologies is reduced if he gives up smoking (Tong et al., 1996). The AA intend to review the most significant epidemiologic studies about the relationship between LMN and smoking habits, taking into account investigation models, making a critical analysis of some methodologies and anticipating means of survey and primary prevention for the future.
ABSTRACT - Lung malignant neoplasm (LMN) is, at present, one of the main causes of death from cancer, being cigarette smoking responsible for nearly 90% of the cases. It is estimated that, if the worldwide trend continues, the rise in the lung cancer mortality rates will exceed 3,000,000 deaths in the year 2000 (Pote, 1992). The health consequences of smoking become, therefore, one of the greatest concerns of the medical community and an area of intervention both at prevention and survey levels. Since the 50’s, when the first consistent epidemiologic studies were published, to 1964 when the US Surgeon-General reported the health hazards of smoking, there has been an increasing evidence of the causal relationship between excessive cigarette consumption and cancer incidence, as well as of a larger number of smokers among the patients suffering from lung cancer. The obtained results are confirmed by the carrying out of cohort and control studies. If lung cancer, incurred by cigarette active consumption has been clearly documented, the risk of developing such a disease by inhaling second-hand cigarette smoke or «passive smoking» still seems to arouse some controversy according to recent studies (Lee and Forey, 1996), despite the numerous reports supporting the deleterious effect of smoke inhaled passively. Based on several factors as the exposure of wives of tobaccoconsuming individuals, exposure of children to cigarette smoke and exposure in the workplaces, various studies were made using such factors as an information source about the effects of passive smoking on the incidence of LMN. However, the risk of a smoker developing lung cancer or other cigarette-related pathologies is reduced if he gives up smoking (Tong et al., 1996). The AA intend to review the most significant epidemiologic studies about the relationship between LMN and smoking habits, taking into account investigation models, making a critical analysis of some methodologies and anticipating means of survey and primary prevention for the future.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Ribeiro, Ricardo Jorge Teixeira; Pereira, Jorge Manuel Mota; Matos, Maria Eduarda; Augusto, Amílcar - Neoplasia maligna do pulmão e hábitos tabágicos : abordagem epidemiológica = Lung malignant neoplasm and smoking habits : an epidemiological approach. Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Pública. ISSN 0870-9025. Vol. 20, Nº 1 (Janeiro/Junho 2002), p. 45-59
Editora
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública