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Human Microbiota and Breast Cancer—Is There Any Relevant Link?—A Literature Review and New Horizons Toward Personalised Medicine

2021-02-25Recensão Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorAlpuim Costa, Diogo
dc.contributor.authorNobre, José Guilherme
dc.contributor.authorBatista, Marta Vaz
dc.contributor.authorRibeiro, Catarina
dc.contributor.authorCalle, Catarina
dc.contributor.authorCortes, Alfonso
dc.contributor.authorMarhold, Maximilian
dc.contributor.authorNegreiros, Ida
dc.contributor.authorBorralho, Paula
dc.contributor.authorBrito, Miguel
dc.contributor.authorCortes, Javier
dc.contributor.authorBraga, Sofia Azambuja
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Luís
dc.contributor.institutionNOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)
dc.contributor.pblFrontiers Research Foundation
dc.date.accessioned2021-04-05T22:16:23Z
dc.date.available2021-04-05T22:16:23Z
dc.date.issued2021-02-25
dc.description.abstractBreast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy and the second cause of cancer-specific death in women from high-income countries. Recently, gut microbiota dysbiosis emerged as a key player that may directly and/or indirectly influence development, treatment, and prognosis of BC through diverse biological processes: host cell proliferation and death, immune system function, chronic inflammation, oncogenic signalling, hormonal and detoxification pathways. Gut colonisation occurs during the prenatal period and is later diversified over distinct phases throughout life. In newly diagnosed postmenopausal BC patients, an altered faecal microbiota composition has been observed compared with healthy controls. Particularly, β-glucuronidase bacteria seem to modulate the enterohepatic circulation of oestrogens and their resorption, increasing the risk of hormone-dependent BC. Moreover, active phytoestrogens, short-chain fatty acids, lithocholic acid, and cadaverine have been identified as bacterial metabolites influencing the risk and prognosis of BC. As in gut, links are also being made with local microbiota of tumoural and healthy breast tissues. In breast microbiota, different microbial signatures have been reported, with distinct patterns per stage and biological subtype. Total bacterial DNA load was lower in tumour tissue and advanced-stage BC when compared with healthy tissue and early stage BC, respectively. Hypothetically, these findings reflect local dysbiosis, potentially creating an environment that favours breast tumour carcinogenesis (oncogenic trigger), or the natural selection of microorganisms adapted to a specific microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the origin, composition, and dynamic evolution of human microbiota, the links between gut/breast microbiota and BC, and explore the potential implications of metabolomics and pharmacomicrobiomics that might impact BC development and treatment choices toward a more personalised medicine. Finally, we put in perspective the potential limitations and biases regarding the current microbiota research and provide new horizons for stronger accurate translational and clinical studies that are needed to better elucidate the complex network of interactions between host, microorganisms, and drugs in the field of BC.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent263703
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fmicb.2021.584332
dc.identifier.issn1664-302X
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 28923533
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 8ff3ea17-0e30-4fb4-b890-20607ead4b6d
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 85102439640
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 000627316300001
dc.identifier.otherPubMed: 33716996
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/115034
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85102439640
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.subjectbreast cancer
dc.subjectdysbiosis
dc.subjectmetabolomics
dc.subjectmicrobiome
dc.subjectmicrobiota
dc.subjectpersonalized medicine
dc.subjectpharmacomicrobiomics
dc.subjectreview
dc.subjectMicrobiology
dc.subjectMicrobiology (medical)
dc.subjectSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
dc.titleHuman Microbiota and Breast Cancer—Is There Any Relevant Link?—A Literature Review and New Horizons Toward Personalised Medicineen
dc.typereview
degois.publication.titleFrontiers in Microbiology
degois.publication.volume12
dspace.entity.typePublication
rcaap.rightsopenAccess

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