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Evolution of hierarchical microstructures in Cu–Fe immiscible alloy driven by liquid-state mixing

2025-12Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorSarmast-Ghahfarokhi, S.
dc.contributor.authorLopes, J. G.
dc.contributor.authorDash, S. S.
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, J. P.
dc.contributor.authorZou, Y.
dc.contributor.authorBenoit, M. J.
dc.contributor.authorZhou, Y. N.
dc.contributor.institutionCENIMAT-i3N - Centro de Investigação de Materiais (Lab. Associado I3N)
dc.contributor.institutionDCM - Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais
dc.contributor.pblElsevier
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-21T22:04:02Z
dc.date.available2025-10-21T22:04:02Z
dc.date.issued2025-12
dc.descriptionFunding Information: The authors would like to thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Canada Research Chairs (CRC) program, and the International Zinc Association (Durham, NC, USA) for their financial support and for providing material to carry out this work. The authors also wish to thank the Canadian Center for Electron Microscopy (CCEM) at McMaster University for their support for accessing TEM. Special thanks are extended to Dr. Carmen Andrei at CCEM for assistance with TEM characterization. In addition, the authors would like to thank Dr. Joseph P. Thomas at the Waterloo Advanced Technology Lab (WATLab) at the University of Waterloo for his assistance with the ToF-SIMS analysis. Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Authors
dc.description.abstractCopper–iron (Cu–Fe) immiscible alloys are known for their potential to form hierarchical microstructures with superior mechanical properties under rapid solidification conditions. However, the formation of these microstructures during Cu/Fe melting and mixing—typically occurring in processes such as arc- and laser-induced melting‒remains poorly understood, despite its relevance to the integration of structural materials across various industries. This study showed that hierarchical and homogeneous microstructures in Cu–Fe alloys can be tailored in situ with two distinct regimes governed by the degree of Fe dilution through non-equilibrium solidification. In the high-Fe content sample, phase separation during the liquid state, followed by Marangoni-driven motion, led to the formation of a hierarchical structure comprising DO3-ordered Fe-rich particles with embedded Cu-rich grains, along with uniformly distributed L12 nanoparticles. In contrast, the low-Fe sample exhibited more uniformly dispersed, smaller DO3-ordered Fe-rich particles with a lower number density, along with dispersed L12 nanoprecipitates. The formation of such microstructures, including Cu/DO3 Fe-rich particles and L12 nanoprecipitates, was primarily governed by surface energy–driven mechanisms and solute trapping under rapid cooling. These microstructures enhanced the local hardness and elastic modulus, primarily due to the increased number density of Fe-rich particles, highlighting their dominant role over size or morphology in strengthening Cu–Fe alloys. This study provides new insights into the microstructural evolution of immiscible alloy systems. The findings offer a foundation for microstructural tailoring to enhance mechanical performance and expand the potential applications of Cu–Fe alloy systems in advanced engineering technologies.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent14
dc.format.extent23278705
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.mtadv.2025.100622
dc.identifier.issn2590-0498
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 132672317
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 7f2d859a-8876-485c-93e9-3e397cd8ffef
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 105015954040
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 001576651700002
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0001-6906-1870/work/194835016
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/189595
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105015954040
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001576651700002
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.subjectCopper-iron
dc.subjectImmiscible alloy
dc.subjectMechanical properties
dc.subjectPhase separation
dc.subjectThermodynamics
dc.subjectGeneral Materials Science
dc.subjectMechanical Engineering
dc.titleEvolution of hierarchical microstructures in Cu–Fe immiscible alloy driven by liquid-state mixingen
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.firstPage1
degois.publication.lastPage14
degois.publication.titleMaterials Today Advances
degois.publication.volume28
dspace.entity.typePublication
rcaap.rightsopenAccess

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