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Expert consensus statement on the science of HIV in the context of criminal law

2018-07-25Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorF., Barré-Sinoussi,
dc.contributor.authorS. S., Abdool Karim,
dc.contributor.authorAlbert , J,
dc.contributor.authorL., Bekker,
dc.contributor.authorC., Beyrer,
dc.contributor.authorP., Cahn,
dc.contributor.authorA., Calmy,
dc.contributor.authorB., Grinsztejn,
dc.contributor.authorGrulich, A.
dc.contributor.authorA., Kamarulzaman,
dc.contributor.authorN., Kumarasamy,
dc.contributor.authorM. R., Loutfy,
dc.contributor.authorK. M., El Filali
dc.contributor.authorS., Mboup,
dc.contributor.authorJ. S. G., Montaner,
dc.contributor.authorP., Munderi,
dc.contributor.authorV., Pokrovsky,
dc.contributor.authorVandamme, AM
dc.contributor.authorB., Young,
dc.contributor.authorP., Godfrey-Faussett,
dc.contributor.institutionInstituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)
dc.contributor.institutionGlobal Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM)
dc.contributor.institutionTB, HIV and opportunistic diseases and pathogens (THOP)
dc.contributor.pblWiley
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-03T22:39:20Z
dc.date.available2021-05-03T22:39:20Z
dc.date.issued2018-07-25
dc.description.abstractINTRODUCTION: Globally, prosecutions for non-disclosure, exposure or transmission of HIV frequently relate to sexual activity, biting, or spitting. This includes instances in which no harm was intended, HIV transmission did not occur, and HIV transmission was extremely unlikely or not possible. This suggests prosecutions are not always guided by the best available scientific and medical evidence. DISCUSSION: Twenty scientists from regions across the world developed this Expert Consensus Statement to address the use of HIV science by the criminal justice system. A detailed analysis of the best available scientific and medical research data on HIV transmission, treatment effectiveness and forensic phylogenetic evidence was performed and described so it may be better understood in criminal law contexts. Description of the possibility of HIV transmission was limited to acts most often at issue in criminal cases. The possibility of HIV transmission during a single, specific act was positioned along a continuum of risk, noting that the possibility of HIV transmission varies according to a range of intersecting factors including viral load, condom use, and other risk reduction practices. Current evidence suggests the possibility of HIV transmission during a single episode of sex, biting or spitting ranges from no possibility to low possibility. Further research considered the positive health impact of modern antiretroviral therapies that have improved the life expectancy of most people living with HIV to a point similar to their HIV-negative counterparts, transforming HIV infection into a chronic, manageable health condition. Lastly, consideration of the use of scientific evidence in court found that phylogenetic analysis alone cannot prove beyond reasonable doubt that one person infected another although it can be used to exonerate a defendant. CONCLUSIONS: The application of up-to-date scientific evidence in criminal cases has the potential to limit unjust prosecutions and convictions. The authors recommend that caution be exercised when considering prosecution, and encourage governments and those working in legal and judicial systems to pay close attention to the significant advances in HIV science that have occurred over the last three decades to ensure current scientific knowledge informs application of the law in cases related to HIV.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent12
dc.format.extent206217
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/jia2.25161
dc.identifier.issn1758-2652
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 6094570
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: c78cd2f3-eb0b-45b8-a50a-42c694bf50c5
dc.identifier.otherPubMed: 30044059
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 85050809759
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/116848
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.subjectCriminal law
dc.subjectCriminalization
dc.subjectHuman rights
dc.subjectLaw and policy
dc.subjectPolicy
dc.subjectProsecutions
dc.subjectRisk factors
dc.subjectSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
dc.subjectSDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
dc.titleExpert consensus statement on the science of HIV in the context of criminal lawen
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.firstPagep. 1
degois.publication.lastPage12
degois.publication.titleJournal of the International AIDS Society
dspace.entity.typePublication
rcaap.rightsopenAccess

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