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Dense carbon dioxide technologies applied to the conservation of cultural heritage

dc.contributor.authorSoares, Inês
dc.contributor.authorBartoletti, Angelica
dc.contributor.authorViana, Carolina
dc.contributor.authorCardoso, Isabel Pombo
dc.contributor.authorCasimiro, Teresa
dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Joana Lia
dc.contributor.institutionDCR - Departamento de Conservação e Restauro
dc.contributor.institutionLAQV@REQUIMTE
dc.contributor.institutionDQ - Departamento de Química
dc.contributor.institutionCIUHCT - Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia
dc.contributor.pblElsevier
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-02T15:15:01Z
dc.date.available2026-03-02T15:15:01Z
dc.date.issued2026-03
dc.descriptionPublisher Copyright: © 2025 The Authors
dc.description.abstractCultural heritage conservation is a complex and challenging field, involving a wide variety of materials with distinct properties, degradation behaviours and specific requirements, often demanding non-standardised methodologies. Conventional treatments frequently rely on hazardous products, raising concerns about user safety and environmental impact. In response, green chemistry principles have gained prominence, advocating for safer and more sustainable practices by replacing toxic products with less harmful alternatives, thereby mitigating risks to conservators, the environment, and heritage assets. Carbon dioxide (CO2), owing to its tuneable and non-toxic properties, has emerged as a green solvent alternative to traditional solvent-based methods in the conservation field. Therefore, this research reviews the application of dense CO2 technologies (liquid and supercritical) in conservation processes including cleaning, decontamination, degreasing, hydration, stabilisation, and consolidation, across a wide array of materials like textiles, wood, leather, metal, glass, paper and plastics. Drawing on experimental trials and case studies, key achievements, challenges, and emerging trends are highlighted, encouraging further research into these promising and sustainable CO2-based technologies.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent25
dc.format.extent1754982
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106821
dc.identifier.issn0896-8446
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 155214202
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 2c4ae266-c8b7-443b-bd1f-15bd9a6cd756
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 105019352832
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 001605989600003
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/200837
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105019352832
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001605989600003
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.subjectCarbon dioxide
dc.subjectCultural heritage
dc.subjectExtraction
dc.subjectGreen chemistry
dc.subjectLiquid
dc.subjectSupercritical
dc.subjectGeneral Chemical Engineering
dc.subjectCondensed Matter Physics
dc.subjectPhysical and Theoretical Chemistry
dc.titleDense carbon dioxide technologies applied to the conservation of cultural heritageen
dc.title.subtitleA reviewen
dc.typereview
degois.publication.firstPage1
degois.publication.lastPage25
degois.publication.titleJournal of Supercritical Fluids
degois.publication.volume229
dspace.entity.typePublication
rcaap.rightsopenAccess

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