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Exploring the Environmental Sustainability of Primary Al–Air Batteries for Long-Term Energy Storage Applications

2026-04-28Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorErsoy, Hüseyin
dc.contributor.authorBaumann, Manuel J.
dc.contributor.authorJasper, Friedrich B.
dc.contributor.authorWulf, Christina
dc.contributor.authorWeil, Marcel
dc.contributor.authorRamos, Tomás B.
dc.contributor.authorPasserini, Stefano
dc.contributor.institutionFaculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT)
dc.contributor.institutionCENSE - Centro de Investigação em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade
dc.contributor.pblWiley | Wiley-VCH Verlag
dc.date.accessioned2026-05-26T13:13:02Z
dc.date.available2026-05-26T13:13:02Z
dc.date.issued2026-04-28
dc.descriptionPublisher Copyright: © 2026 The Author(s). ChemSusChem published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
dc.description.abstractThe transition toward a decarbonized energy system requires long-term energy storage (LTES) solutions capable of complementing hydrogen-based technologies. This study presents an exploratory life cycle assessment (LCA) of a primary aluminum–air battery (AAB) system as a prospective solid-state LTES option, benchmarked against gaseous hydrogen (GH2) with underground storage and liquid hydrogen (LH2) with cryogenic tank. The AAB is evaluated under current and prospective aluminum production scenarios across different geographic contexts, and is benchmarked against alternatives using identical supply chain and use-phase assumptions. AAB system achieves round-trip efficiencies of 29–35%, exceeding GH2 and LH2 by at least 2% and 10%, respectively. Consequently, GH2 outperforms AAB across all categories on a cradle-to-use basis only thanks to underground storage, while AAB showing competitive performance it performs better than LH2 in global warming potential (GWP100) impact category. The conducted uncertainty analysis reveals that AAB might outperform H2 in GWP and eutrophication potential (freshwater) under favorable conditions. Overall, the findings highlight trade-offs realizing climate benefits while mitigating resource and ecosystem impacts. Advancing low-carbon smelting, material circularity, optimized logistics, and durable low-impact components will be essential for enabling AAB to serve as a sustainable complement or partial substitute for hydrogen-based LTES in future low-carbon energy systems.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent5546717
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/cssc.202502714
dc.identifier.issn1864-5631
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 163665466
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: 104e6011-319e-42b0-81a5-d847b453d46b
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 105036138859
dc.identifier.otherPubMed: 42002300
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 001755734300050
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/203423
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105036138859
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.subjectaluminum–air battery
dc.subjectLCA
dc.subjectlong-term energy storage
dc.subjectmetal fuels
dc.subjectpower-to-metal
dc.subjectEnvironmental Chemistry
dc.subjectGeneral Chemical Engineering
dc.subjectGeneral Materials Science
dc.subjectGeneral Energy
dc.subjectSDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy
dc.subjectSDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production
dc.subjectSDG 13 - Climate Action
dc.subjectSDG 15 - Life on Land
dc.titleExploring the Environmental Sustainability of Primary Al–Air Batteries for Long-Term Energy Storage Applicationsen
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.issue8
degois.publication.titleChemSusChem
degois.publication.volume19
dspace.entity.typePublication
rcaap.rightsopenAccess

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