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Cristãos-novos e seus descendentes no Ceará Grande: a inquisição nos sertões de fora
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A presença dos cristãos-novos de origem judaica e de seus descendentes no Ceará Grande, capitania periférica considerada “terra de ninguém” nas duas primeiras centúrias da colonização, por essa razão privilegiada para refúgio, e aparentemente longe dos braços da Inquisição, constitui o foco principal deste inquérito. A investigação parte do carácter rácico como elemento vital do ódio, da intolerância e do antissemitismo que varrem de Portugal um dos grupos sociais mais organizados da nação. Nesse ponto, faz uma reflexão sobre as ideias de Bento Espinosa cuja filosofia lega à humanidade uma lição de liberdade e tolerância tão atual como nos conturbados seiscentos. O estudo sistematiza e aprofunda a análise de casos de descendentes da “gente de nação” a viverem nestas plagas do nordeste brasileiro. E traz a lume intrigante querela por conta do epíteto de “judeu e cristão-novo” assacado contra um “homem bom” da terra, mesmo quando a distinção entre cristãos-novos e cristãos-velhos já está extinta, evidenciando como a “fama”, por si, serve de arma para manchar a honra alheia. Nessa linha investigativa, analisa a presença dos agentes do Santo Ofício no Ceará e adentra na ironia do destino que leva uma vítima da perseguição inquisitorial, Josefa Maria dos Reis, a viver na mesma vila do familiar que se gaba da ação do pai na devassa da Paraíba. Trata-se de António José Victoriano Borges da Fonseca, capitão-mor e governador da capitania do Ceará Grande, filho do português António Borges da Fonseca. A pesquisa interpreta como e por que a mentalidade transplantada da Península Ibérica em torno do mito da pureza de sangue é invocada nos sertões de fora como instrumento do complexo jogo de poder entre os que disputam os privilegiados espaços na colónia. No Ceará Grande dos Setecentos, sobretudo, quem descende de judeu e de cristão-novo, apesar de muitas gerações atrás e não obstante professar o catolicismo, pertence a “família sem merecimento”, como é emblemático o caso do capitão-mor José de Xerez Furna Uchoa. A pesquisa percorre rastos dos Sequeiras, família portuguesa de cristãos-novos dilacerada pelo Santo Ofício. Um tronco sai de Veiros e de Fronteira, chega a Abrantes, vai para Lisboa, purga o degredo no Rio de Janeiro, retorna aos cárceres de Lisboa, recebe licença para viver em Abrantes e ressurge em Lisboa. Um descendente migra para a ribeira do Acaraú, onde planta raízes definitivamente e deixa larga descendência. Por fim, o inquérito mostra o despertar anussim movido por reminiscências evocadas em pleno século XXI e regadas por um persistente imaginário de pertença à nação sefardita-marrana que se amalgama com a gente da terra.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
The presence of the New Christians and their descendants in Ceara Grande, a peripheral captaincy considered a “no man's land” in the first two centuries of Portuguese colonization, and as such, an ideal refuge, apparently unreachable by the claws of the Inquisition, is the focus of this inquiry. The research starts out from the racial character, as the vital element of hatred, intolerance and anti-Semitism that swept from Portugal one of the most organized social groups in the nation. At that point, it makes a reflection on the ideas of Benedict Espinosa whose philosophy leaves a lesson of freedom and tolerance to mankind, as current as in the troubled 1600. The study explores and makes an in-depth analysis of cases of descendants of the "nation people”, living in these regions of northeastern Brazil and brings to light an intriguing quarrel resulting from the epithet "Jew and New Christian" wrongfully attributed to the "good men" on Earth, even when the distinction between New Christians and Old Christians was already extinct, emphasizing how "fame" in itself, serves as a weapon to besmirch the honor of others. In this line of investigation, it analyzes the presence of agents of the Holy Office in the hinterlands and enters a twist of fate that takes a victim of inquisitorial persecution, Josefa Maria dos Reis, living in the same village of the family member who boasts of his father's wanton action in Paraiba. This is Antonio Jose Victoriano Borges da Fonseca, Captain-General and Governor of the captaincy of Ceara Grande, son of Portuguese citizen Antonio Borges da Fonseca. The research interprets how and why the mentality transplanted from the Iberian Peninsula on the myth of purity of blood is invoked in the hinterlands as an instrument of the complex power game among those who dispute the privileged spaces in Colony. In the Greater Ceara Captaincy of the seventeen hundreds, the descendants of Jews and New Christian, albeit from a long line of ascendancy and nevertheless professing a Catholic faith, belonged to "families without merit", as is emblematic the case of Captain-General Jose Xerez Furna Uchoa. The survey runs through traces of a Portuguese family of New Christians torn apart by the Holy Office. One branch of the family leaves Veiros, Fronteira and Abrantes, goes to Lisbon, purges the exile in Rio de Janeiro, returns to the prisons of Lisbon, receives a permit to live in Abrantes and resurfaces in Lisbon. One of the descendants migrates to Ribeira do Acaraú, where he plants definitive roots and produces large offspring. Finally, the investigation reveals the anussim awakening moved by reminiscences evoked in the 21st century and watered by a persistent imaginary of belonging to the Sephardic-Maran nation that amalgamate with the common people of the region.
The presence of the New Christians and their descendants in Ceara Grande, a peripheral captaincy considered a “no man's land” in the first two centuries of Portuguese colonization, and as such, an ideal refuge, apparently unreachable by the claws of the Inquisition, is the focus of this inquiry. The research starts out from the racial character, as the vital element of hatred, intolerance and anti-Semitism that swept from Portugal one of the most organized social groups in the nation. At that point, it makes a reflection on the ideas of Benedict Espinosa whose philosophy leaves a lesson of freedom and tolerance to mankind, as current as in the troubled 1600. The study explores and makes an in-depth analysis of cases of descendants of the "nation people”, living in these regions of northeastern Brazil and brings to light an intriguing quarrel resulting from the epithet "Jew and New Christian" wrongfully attributed to the "good men" on Earth, even when the distinction between New Christians and Old Christians was already extinct, emphasizing how "fame" in itself, serves as a weapon to besmirch the honor of others. In this line of investigation, it analyzes the presence of agents of the Holy Office in the hinterlands and enters a twist of fate that takes a victim of inquisitorial persecution, Josefa Maria dos Reis, living in the same village of the family member who boasts of his father's wanton action in Paraiba. This is Antonio Jose Victoriano Borges da Fonseca, Captain-General and Governor of the captaincy of Ceara Grande, son of Portuguese citizen Antonio Borges da Fonseca. The research interprets how and why the mentality transplanted from the Iberian Peninsula on the myth of purity of blood is invoked in the hinterlands as an instrument of the complex power game among those who dispute the privileged spaces in Colony. In the Greater Ceara Captaincy of the seventeen hundreds, the descendants of Jews and New Christian, albeit from a long line of ascendancy and nevertheless professing a Catholic faith, belonged to "families without merit", as is emblematic the case of Captain-General Jose Xerez Furna Uchoa. The survey runs through traces of a Portuguese family of New Christians torn apart by the Holy Office. One branch of the family leaves Veiros, Fronteira and Abrantes, goes to Lisbon, purges the exile in Rio de Janeiro, returns to the prisons of Lisbon, receives a permit to live in Abrantes and resurfaces in Lisbon. One of the descendants migrates to Ribeira do Acaraú, where he plants definitive roots and produces large offspring. Finally, the investigation reveals the anussim awakening moved by reminiscences evoked in the 21st century and watered by a persistent imaginary of belonging to the Sephardic-Maran nation that amalgamate with the common people of the region.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ceará Inquisição Cristãos-novos Inquisition New Cristians