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Projeto de investigação
FLOW PATTERNS OF MOISTURE INSIDE OLD MASONRIES
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Indoor climate management on cultural heritage buildings: Climate control strategies, cultural heritage management and hygrothermal rehabilitation
Publication . Silva, Hugo Filipe Entradas; Henriques, Fernando; Freitas, Vasco
Cultural heritage plays a major role in modern societies as a symbol of their past and as a way to safe
keep their identity for future generation. Its protection and conservation are a challenge to ensure the
cultural diversity in a continuously changing world.
Heritage buildings such as palaces, churches or monasteries are often used to display collections trying
to combine the patrimonial and architectural value of the building with the artistic interest of the
collections. This combination of interests, while returning some buildings back to society, may also pose
some risk to their conservation due to pressures caused by high visitor flows and high levels of climate
control. Nowadays, one of the greatest challenges for the cultural heritage is to achieve a compromise
between conservation, sustainability and comfort. However, this balance has been difficult to achieve,
since conservation and comfort require tight climate control, which is difficult to achieve in historic
buildings with large volumes and high thermal transmittance.
This thesis aims to cover a wide range of situations that interfere with the indoor climate of the heritage,
namely at the level of its monitoring and analysis, risk-analysis, discussion of the various climate control
strategies and the capacity of buildings to comply with them. The impact of the visitors on the
conservation and the influence of the envelope in the energetic rehabilitation were also investigated.
Methods of statistical analysis and risk quantification, a climate control strategy and an energy
optimization methodology were proposed.
The use of the climatic data from the Jeronimos Monastery (MJ), the church of São Cristóvão and
National Museum of Ancient Art (NMAA) and the use of a simulation model of the MJ allowed to
conclude the difficulty of the heritage buildings to comply with tight climate ranges. A high potential
for reducing energy consumption was achieved through the application of dynamic climate control
strategies without jeopardizing the conservation, and a new methodology was proposed and validated.
The use of the MJ simulation model allowed to conclude that the current number of visitors already
raises conservation risks and that, even in the most pragmatic scenario, it will contribute to the
degradation of the air quality by 2027.
The simulation of a generic room of the NMAA for 15 European cities has made it possible to conclude
that it is not possible to standardize the rehabilitation solutions since energy needs depend on the
location. Finally, it was concluded that the focus on climate control strategies has a great potential for
cost reduction and that in temperate climates of the southern Europe the improvement of thermal
transmittance has a reduced effect on the building’s response
Energy Efficiency in Historic Museums
Publication . Silva, Hugo Entradas; Henriques, Fernando M. A.; CERIS - Polo NOVA; DEC - Departamento de Engenharia Civil; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Museums housed in historical buildings combine the intrinsic value of the collections with the historical and architectural values of the building itself. Although usually made with thick elements with high thermal inertia, very effective in damping and delaying the heat flow, these buildings are usually characterized by elements with low thermal resistance, poor-quality windows and low area/volume ratio in the noblest buildings, which renders them ineffective at maintaining a stable indoor climate adequate for conservation, comfort and energy efficiency issues. In this paper, a simulation study was carried out to analyze the impact of the building location (weather), thermal envelope and climate control strategies by analyzing a generic room of the National Museum of Ancient Art of Lisbon. A simulation study was carried out for 15 European cities to verify the impossibility of standardizing the rehabilitation solutions in cultural heritage since energy needs depend on the location. It was concluded that the focus on climate control strategies has great potential for energy reduction and that in temperate climates of southern Europe, the improvement of thermal transmittance has a reduced effect on the building’s response.
Impact of climate change in cultural heritage: from energy consumption to artefacts’ conservation and building rehabilitation
Publication . Coelho, Guilherme B. A.; Entradas Silva, Hugo; Henriques, Fernando M. A.; DEC - Departamento de Engenharia Civil; Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.
Historic artefacts must be properly preserved if they are to be transmitted to future generations. Indeed, several methodologies and guidelines that aim to safeguard artefacts by limiting the ranges in which the indoor temperature and relative humidity vary exist, which means energy consumption. This paper aims to quantify the energy consumption associated to three different setpoints and respective financial cost, as well as their future trend to demonstrate the positive outcome of passive retrofit measures, since they will be responsible for decreasing the building's energy consumption and mitigating the effects of climate change in artefacts’ preservation. A validated whole-building hygrothermal model of a historic building was used coupled to climate change weather files to obtain the expected future indoor conditions for three types of climates, which were also assessed using a risk-based analysis. The positive potential of passive retrofit measures on the building's energy consumption was shown, but the risk-based analysis showed that the measures performance are not universal since, for example, whilst the selected measures decrease the risk of chemical decay for Seville, they have the contrary behaviour for Oslo. To achieve these goals more than 1400 simulations were run in WUFI®Plus, which took more than 1600 h.
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Entidade financiadora
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
OE
Número da atribuição
PD/BD/52654/2014