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Morphology, biostratigraphy, and evolution of Pliocene-Pleistocene diatoms Proboscia barboi and Proboscia curvirostris
Publication . Andrade, João; Legoinha, Paulo; Stroynowski, Z.; Abrantes, Fátima; DCT - Departamento de Ciências da Terra; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; UNIV BARCELONA
Proboscia barboi and Proboscia curvirostris are two important diatom biostratigraphic markers from the high latitudes of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans, dating back to the Pliocene-Pleistocene time. This study analyzes the biostratigraphic events and describes the morphology of P. barboi and P. curvirostris, particularly the morphologic variations of the latter species, based on observations of samples of Core U1340A from the IODP Expedition 323 in the Bering Sea. In Site U1340, the First Occurrence of P. curvirostris is observed at 1.52Ma and its First Common Occurrence at 1.39Ma, where morphologic variations were found abundantly. The Last Occurrence of P. curvirostris was found at 0.33Ma, while P. barboi’s Last Occurrence is found at 0.67Ma. Based on the morphological similarity and known biostratigraphic distribution, previous authors have assumed that P. curvirostris descends from P. barboi, although this hypothesis is still in debate. At 1.39Ma P. curvirostris shows an increased size and thickness, which is typical of P. barboi, and some specimens display an incipient structure characteristic of P. curvirostris - the secondary spine. This morphology is intermediate between the two species and suggests an evolutionary transition from P. barboi to P. curvirostris. However, P. curvirostris already existed since 1.9Ma in the subarctic indicating that its speciation happened much earlier than 1.39Ma. Furthermore, since P. barboi co-occurs with P. curvirostris in the North Pacific, this evolutionary process was cladogenetic. Besides being evidence for a phylogenetic relationship, the abundant occurrence of intermediate forms at 1.39Ma may constitute a bioevent for a short time interval in the Bering Sea.
Andina-first clonal cultivar of high-altitude conilon coffee
Publication . Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Golynski, Adelmo; Ferreira, Adésio; Martins, Madlles Queiroz; Mauri, Aldo Luiz; Ramalho, José Cochicho; Vieira, Henrique Duarte; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; Brazilian Society of Plant Breeding
Andina is a conilon coffee variety originated from a selection of clones discovered by farmers. It was cultivated and evaluated for yield and plant vigor an altitude of 850m asl. Five genotypes (A1, NV2, NV8, P1 and Verdim TA), with a mean yield of 51.3 bags per hectare per year.
Photosynthetic capacity, leaf respiration and growth in two papaya (Carica papaya) genotypes with different leaf chlorophyll concentrations
Publication . Paixão, Jéssica Sousa; Da Silva, Jefferson Rangel; Ruas, Katherine Fraga; Rodrigues, Weverton Pereira; Filho, José Altino Machado; De Paula Bernado, Wallace; Abreu, Deivisson Pelegrino; Ferreira, Luciene Souza; Gonzalez, Julian Cuevas; Griffin, Kevin Lee; Ramalho, José Cochicho; Campostrini, Eliemar; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Golden genotype of papaya (Carica papaya), named for its yellowish leaves, produces fruits very much appreciated by consumers worldwide. However, its growth and yield are considerably lower than those of other genotypes, such as ‘Sunrise Solo’, which has intensely green leaves. We undertook an investigation with the goal of evaluating key physiological traits that can affect biomass accumulation of both Golden and Sunrise Solo genotypes. Papaya seeds from two different genotypes with contrasting leaf colour ‘Sunrise Solo’ and Golden were grown in greenhouse conditions. Plant growth (plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, leaf area, plant dry weight), leaf gas exchanges, leaf carbon balance, RuBisCO oxygenation and carboxylation rates, nitrogen, as well as chlorophyll concentrations and fluorescence variables were assessed. Although no significant differences were observed for photosynthetic rates between genotypes, the accumulation of small differences in photosynthesis, day after day, over a long period, might contribute to some extend to a higher C-budget in Sunrise Solo, higher leaf area and, thus, to higher productivity. Additionally, we consider that physiological processes other than photosynthesis and leaf respiration can be as well involved in lower growth and yield of Golden. One of these aspects could be related to the higher rates of photorespiration observed in Sunrise Solo, which could improve the rate of N assimilation into organic compounds, such as amino acids, thus contributing to the higher biomass production in Sunrise Solo relative to Golden. Further experiments to evaluate the effects of N metabolism on physiology and growth of Golden are required as it has the potential to limit its yield.
Facies and sequence analysis of Miocene open-shelf warm-temperate carbonates in Portimão (Lagos-Portimão Formation, Portugal)
Publication . Armenteros, I.; Dabrio, C. J.; Legoinha, P.; González-Delgado, J. A.; Martínez-Graña, A.; Alonso-Gavilán, G.; Civis, J.; Pais, J.; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; DCT - Departamento de Ciências da Terra; Springer Science Business Media
The Lower–Middle Miocene Lagos-Portimão Formation at Portimão, southern Portugal, consists of three main heterozoan carbonate facies: mollusc-rich rudstone in a matrix of skeletal packstone/grainstone (MR), fine-to-medium skeletal packstone/grainstone (SPG), and quartz-rich skeletal packstone (QSP). These facies occur in different arrangements and indicate deposition on a wave-dominated open shelf with a well-established heterozoan fauna, most likely related to increased trophic resources where continent supply and upwelling contributed nutrients. These facies form belts inferred to have lain roughly parallel to the strike lines of the shelf, with the MR occupying the more landward, shallower areas and the SPG and QSP extending progressively offshore on the open shelf. Bryozoan abundance in the QSP facies indicates a deep setting on the middle/outer shelf, whereas the absence of rhodalgal components is attributed to a combination of temperature decrease and seafloor eutrophication during the late Langhian and Serravallian, coeval with the “Middle Miocene climatic cooling”. The large photosymbiont-bearing foraminifers and the absence of calcareous algae and zooxanthellate corals point to deposition under warm-temperate conditions. Two main orders of cyclicity are present. Small-scale sequences, 40–60 cm thick, may represent minor sea-level changes related to fifth-order sequences modulated by (~ 100-kyr) eccentricity forcing. Six large-scale sequences, 3–9 m in thickness, are recognized. Based on LAD and FAD of planktic foraminifers and the occurrence of two erosive surfaces related to major sea-level falls (Lang2/Ser1 and Ser4/Tor1), five Miocene sequences (Bu, L1, S1, S2, and S3) are correlated with third-order eustatic cycles.
Lipid profile adjustments may contribute to warming acclimation and to heat impact mitigation by elevated [CO2] in Coffea spp
Publication . Scotti-Campos, Paula; Pais, Isabel P.; Ribeiro-Barros, A. I.; Martins, Lima D.; Tomaz, Marcelo A.; Rodrigues, Weverton P.; Campostrini, Eliemar; Semedo, José N.; Fortunato, Ana S.; Martins, Madlles Q.; Partelli, Fábio L.; Lidon, Fernando C.; DaMatta, Fábio M.; Ramalho, José C.; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; DCT - Departamento de Ciências da Terra; Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.
An unexpected heat resilience, and the mitigation of heat impacts by elevated [CO2] were recently reported in Coffea spp. Plants must maintain membrane fluidity and integrity to cope with temperature changes, which requires an adequate lipid dynamics. This work provides the lipid profile (galactolipids, GL; phospholipids, PL; sulfolipids, SL) of chloroplast membranes, and the expression of a set of genes related to lipid metabolism in Coffea arabica L. (cv. Icatu and IPR108) and C. canephora cv. Conilon CL153, under elevated [CO2] (380 or 700 μL L−1), heat (25/20, 31/25, 37/30 and 42/34 °C, day/night) and their interaction. Major membrane lipids alterations, different among genotypes, included: A) responsiveness of total fatty acids (TFAs) synthesis to [CO2] (except IPR108) and heat (except CL153); stronger remodeling (unsaturation degree) in the 700-plants from 37/30 °C to 42/34 °C, coordinated at transcriptional level with the down-regulation of fatty acid desaturase FAD3 gene (C. arabica) and up-regulation of lipoxygenase genes LOX5A (CL153 and Icatu) and LOX5B (Icatu) at the highest temperature; B) quantitative and qualitative modifications in GL (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, MGDG; digalactosyldiacylglycerol, DGDG), PL (phosphatidylcholine, PC; phosphatidylglycerol, PG), and SL (sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, SQDG) classes, prompted by heat, elevated [CO2], and, especially, the interaction, in CL153 and Icatu. Overall membrane enrichment with MGDG and DGDG as a result of heat and [CO2] interaction in these genotypes, but at the highest temperature only in Icatu the high [CO2] maintained greater contents and unsaturation values of these GLs than in the 380-plants. C) Among PL classes, PG seems to play an active role in heat acclimation of C. arabica genotypes, increasing in 700-plants at 42/34 °C. Globally, Icatu often showed changes closer to those of heat tolerant cv. CL153 than to cv. IPR108. Overall, lipid profile adjustments in chloroplast membranes, from TFAs bulk until FA unsaturation within each class, are expected to contribute to long-term acclimation to climate changes in coffee plant.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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5876
Número da atribuição
UID/GEO/04035/2013