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Projeto de investigação
Customization of implants coated with multifunctional biomaterials
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Bioactive Glass Modified with Zirconium Incorporation for Dental Implant Applications
Publication . Hammami, Imen; Gavinho, Sílvia Rodrigues; Pádua, Ana Sofia; Sá-Nogueira, Isabel; Silva, Jorge Carvalho; Borges, João Paulo; Valente, Manuel Almeida; Graça, Manuel Pedro Fernandes; DF – Departamento de Física; CENIMAT-i3N - Centro de Investigação de Materiais (Lab. Associado I3N); UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit; DCV - Departamento de Ciências da Vida; DCM - Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Implantology is crucial for restoring aesthetics and masticatory function in oral rehabilitation. Despite its advantages, certain issues, such as bacterial infection, may still arise that hinder osseointegration and result in implant rejection. This work aims to address these challenges by developing a biomaterial for dental implant coating based on 45S5 Bioglass® modified by zirconium insertion. The structural characterization of the glasses, by XRD, showed that the introduction of zirconium in the Bioglass network at a concentration higher than 2 mol% promotes phase separation, with crystal phase formation. Impedance spectroscopy was used, in the frequency range of 102–106 Hz and the temperature range of 200–400 K, to investigate the electrical properties of these Bioglasses, due to their ability to store electrical charges and therefore enhance the osseointegration capacity. The electrical study showed that the presence of crystal phases, in the glass ceramic with 8 mol% of zirconium, led to a significant increase in conductivity. In terms of biological properties, the Bioglasses exhibited an antibacterial effect against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and did not show cytotoxicity for the Saos-2 cell line at extract concentrations up to 25 mg/mL. Furthermore, the results of the bioactivity test revealed that within 24 h, a CaP-rich layer began to form on the surface of all the samples. According to our results, the incorporation of 2 mol% of ZrO2 into the Bioglass significantly improves its potential as a coating material for dental implants, enhancing both its antibacterial and osteointegration properties.
Influence of the Particle Size on the Electrical, Magnetic and Biological Properties of the Bioglass® Containing Iron Oxide
Publication . Regadas, Joana Soares; Gavinho, Sílvia Rodrigues; Teixeira, Sílvia Soreto; de Jesus, Juliana Vieira; Pádua, Ana Sofia; Silva, Jorge Carvalho; Devesa, Susana; Graça, Manuel Pedro Fernandes; CENIMAT-i3N - Centro de Investigação de Materiais (Lab. Associado I3N); DCM - Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais; DF – Departamento de Física; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Bioglasses have been used throughout the past century as a biomaterial in the bone regeneration field. However, recent studies have attempted to use them as a therapeutic material as well, mainly in the treatment of osteosarcomas. The most widely recognized bioglass is the 45S5 Bioglass, invented by Larry Hench et al., which presents higher bioactivity. A possible application of this bioglass in the treatment of osteosarcomas can be accomplished by adding specific ions, such as iron, that will allow the use of magnetic hyperthermia and Fenton reaction as therapeutic mechanisms. In this study, a 45S5 Bioglass containing 10%mol of Fe2O3 was produced using the melt-quenching method. A group of samples was prepared by changing the overall ball milling time, from 1 h up to 48 h, to analyze the effects of iron in the bioactive glass matrix and evaluate the influence of particle size on their physical and biological properties. The studied bioglasses showed no evidence of changes in the amorphous structural nature compared to the 45S5 Bioglass. The data of the impedance spectroscopy study revealed that the addition of Fe2O3 can increase the standard rate constant of the Electro-Fenton reaction, with the sample milled for 12 h showing the most promising results. The reduction in the particle size influenced the cytotoxicity and the bioactivity. The samples with lower particle sizes showed a higher level of cytotoxicity.
Fabrication, Structural and Biological Characterization of Zinc-Containing Bioactive Glasses and Their Use in Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration
Publication . Gavinho, Sílvia R.; Pádua, Ana Sofia; Sá-Nogueira, Isabel; Silva, Jorge C.; Borges, João P.; Costa, Luís C.; Graça, Manuel Pedro F.; DF – Departamento de Física; CENIMAT-i3N - Centro de Investigação de Materiais (Lab. Associado I3N); UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit; DCV - Departamento de Ciências da Vida; DCM - Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais; Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Polymeric membranes are widely used in guided bone regeneration (GBR), particularly in dentistry. In addition, bioactive glasses can be added to the polymers in order to develop a matrix that is osteoconductive and osteoinductive, increasing cell adhesion and proliferation. The bioactive glasses allow the insertion into its network of therapeutic ions in order to add specific biological properties. The addition of zinc into bioactive glasses can promote antibacterial activity and induce the differentiation and proliferation of the bone cells. In this study, bioactive glasses containing zinc (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mol%) were developed and structurally and biologically characterized. The biological results show that the Zn-containing bioactive glasses do not present significant antibacterial activity, but the addition of zinc at the highest concentration does not compromise the bioactivity and promotes the viability of Saos-2 cells. The cell culture assays in the membranes (PCL, PCL:BG and PCL:BGZn2) showed that zinc addition promotes cell viability and an increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production.
Antibacterial Biomaterial Based on Bioglass Modified with Copper for Implants Coating
Publication . Hammami, Imen; Gavinho, Sílvia Rodrigues; Jakka, Suresh Kumar; Valente, Manuel Almeida; Graça, Manuel Pedro Fernandes; Pádua, Ana Sofia; Silva, Jorge Carvalho; Sá-Nogueira, Isabel; Borges, João Paulo; DF – Departamento de Física; CENIMAT-i3N - Centro de Investigação de Materiais (Lab. Associado I3N); UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit; DCV - Departamento de Ciências da Vida; DCM - Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Biofilm-related implant infections pose a substantial threat to patients, leading to inflammation in the surrounding tissue, and often resulting in implant loss and the necessity for additional surgeries. Overcoming this implantology challenge is crucial to ensure the success and durability of implants. This study shows the development of antibacterial materials for implant coatings by incorporating copper into 45S5 Bioglass®. By combining the regenerative properties of Bioglass® with the antimicrobial effects of copper, this material has the potential to prevent infections, enhance osseointegration and improve the long-term success of implants. Bioglasses modified with various concentrations of CuO (from 0 to 8 mol%) were prepared with the melt-quenching technique. Structural analysis using Raman and FTIR spectroscopies did not reveal significant alterations in the bioglasses structure with the addition of Cu. The antibacterial activity of the samples was assessed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the results demonstrated significant inhibition of bacterial growth for the bioglass with 0.5 mol% of CuO. Cell viability studies indicated that the samples modified with up to 4 mol% of CuO maintained good cytocompatibility with the Saos-2 cell line at extract concentrations up to 25 mg/mL. Furthermore, the bioactivity assessment demonstrated the formation of a calcium phosphate (CaP)-rich layer on the surfaces of all bioglasses within 24 h. Our findings show that the inclusion of copper in the bioglass offers a significant enhancement in its potential as a coating material for implants, resulting in notable advancements in both antibacterial efficacy and osteointegration properties.
Bioactive Glasses Containing Strontium or Magnesium Ions to Enhance the Biological Response in Bone Regeneration
Publication . Gavinho, Sílvia Rodrigues; Pádua, Ana Sofia; Holz, Laura Isabel Vilas; Sá-Nogueira, Isabel; Silva, Jorge Carvalho; Borges, João Paulo; Valente, Manuel Almeida; Graça, Manuel Pedro Fernandes; CENIMAT-i3N - Centro de Investigação de Materiais (Lab. Associado I3N); DF – Departamento de Física; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit; DCV - Departamento de Ciências da Vida; DCM - Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais; MDPI AG
The non-surgical treatments are being required to reconstruct damaged tissue, prioritizing our body’s natural healing process. Thus, the use of bioactive materials such as bioactive glass has been studied to support the repair and restoration of hard and soft tissue. Thus, in this work Bioglass 45S5 was developed, adding 1 and 2%mol of SrO or MgO and the physical and biological properties were evaluated. The addition of MgO and SrO at the studied concentrations promoted the slight increase in non-bridging oxygens number, observed through the temperature shift in phase transitions to lower values compared to Bioglass 45S5. The insertion of the ions also showed a positive effect on Saos-2 cell viability, decreasing the cytotoxic of Bioglass 45S5. Besides the Ca/P ratio on the pellets surface demonstrating no evidence of higher reactivity between Bioglass 45S5 and Bioglass with Sr and Mg, micrographs show that at 24 h the Ca/P rich layer is denser than in Bioglass 45S5 after the contact with simulated body fluid. The samples with Sr and Mg show a higher antibacterial effect compared to Bioglass 45S5. The addition of the studied ions may benefit the biological response of Bioglass 45S5 in dental applications as scaffolds or coatings.
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SFRH/BD/148233/2019