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Projeto de investigação
Modelling in-Vitro Digestion of mycotoxins in gilthead Seabream -InVID
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Toxicological Responses of Juvenile Gilthead Seabream to Enniatin B and Fumonisin B1
Publication . Mello, Flávia V.; Pereira, Cheila; Özkan, Busenur; Maulvault, Ana Luísa; Soares, Florbela; Pousão-Ferreira, Pedro; Fernandes, José O.; Cunha, Sara C.; Marques, António; Anacleto, Patrícia; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
The replacement of ingredients from animal sources with plant-based ingredients is increasing the risk of contamination by mycotoxins in aquafeeds, potentially causing detrimental effects on fish welfare. However, limited research has been carried out so far on the impact of mycotoxins on fish health. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the toxicological effects of the dietary emerging (enniatin B, ENNB) and regulated (fumonisin B1, FB1) mycotoxins (150 µg/kg) in different tissues of juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) after 28 days of dietary exposure. Fitness indexes, plasma metabolites, and biomarkers of oxidative stress, metabolism, cellular, and neurotoxic damage were assessed. The exposure to each mycotoxin was sufficient to cause distinct effects in fish tissues. ENNB appears to be the most harmful mycotoxin to S. aurata, inducing changes on alkaline phosphatase and lipase activities in plasma, as well as protein and lipid degradation in liver. Increased lipid degradation was also induced in the brain by FB1 alone or combined with ENNB, whereas the exposure to the mixture inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity. Overall, this study contributes by highlighting the toxicological attributes of ENNB, thus reinforcing the need to include this mycotoxin in future legislation.
Behavior of diclofenac from contaminated fish after cooking and in vitro digestion
Publication . Mello, Flávia V.; Marmelo, Isa; Fogaça, Fabíola H.S.; Déniz, Fernando Lafont; Alonso, Mariana B.; Maulvault, Ana Luísa; Torres, João Paulo M.; Marques, Antônio; Fernandes, José O.; Cunha, Sara C.; DQ - Departamento de Química; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT); John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BACKGROUND: Seafood consumers are widely exposed to diclofenac due to the high contamination levels often present in aquatic organisms. It is a potential risk to public health due its endocrine disruptor properties. Limited information is available about diclofenac behavior after food digestion to enable a more realistic scenario of consumer exposure. This study aimed to evaluate cooking effects on diclofenac levels, and determine diclofenac bioaccessibility by an in vitro digestion assay, using commercial fish species (seabass and white mullet) as models. The production of the main metabolite 4′-hydroxydiclofenac was also investigated. Fish hamburgers were spiked at two levels (150 and 1000 ng g−1) and submitted to three culinary treatments (roasting, steaming and grilling). RESULTS: The loss of water seems to increase the diclofenac levels after cooking, except in seabass with higher levels. The high bioaccessibility of diclofenac (59.1–98.3%) observed in both fish species indicates that consumers' intestines are more susceptible to absorption, which can be worrisome depending on the level of contamination. Contamination levels did not affect the diclofenac bioaccessibility in both species. Seabass, the fattest species, exhibited a higher bioaccessibility of diclofenac compared to white mullet. Overall, cooking decreased diclofenac bioaccessibility by up to 40% in seabass and 25% in white mullet. The main metabolite 4′-hydroxydiclofenac was not detected after cooking or digestion. CONCLUSION: Thus, consumption of cooked fish, preferentially grilled seabass and steamed or baked white mullet are more advisable. This study highlights the importance to consider bioaccessibility and cooking in hazard characterization studies.
Ecotoxicological responses of juvenile Sparus aurata to BDE-99 and BPA exposure
Publication . Dias, Marta; Pereira, Marta; Marmelo, Isa; Anacleto, Patrícia; Pousão-Ferreira, Pedro; Cunha, Sara C.; Fernandes, José O.; Petrarca, Mateus; Marques, António; Martins, Marta; Maulvault, Ana Luísa; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit; DCEA - Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente; MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente; Elsevier
Pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) and bisphenol A (BPA) are synthetic organic compounds present in several daily use products. Due to their physicochemical properties, they are ubiquitously present in aquatic ecosystems and considered highly persistent. Recent evidence has confirmed that both emerging compounds are toxic to humans and terrestrial mammals eliciting a wide range of detrimental effects at endocrine and immune levels. However, the ecotoxicological responses that they can trigger in vertebrate marine species have not yet been established. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the ecotoxicological responses of juvenile Sparus aurata upon chronic (28 days) dietary exposure to BDE-99 and BPA (alone and combined) following an integrated multi-biomarker approach that combined fitness indicators (Fulton's K and splenosomatic indexes) with endocrine [cortisol, 17β-estradiol (E2), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) concentrations] and immune (peroxidase and antiprotease activities) endpoints in fish plasma, and oxidative stress [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, and lipid peroxidation (LPO)] endpoints in the fish spleen. The mixture of BDE-99 and BPA yielded the highest IBR index value in both plasma and spleen biomarkers, therefore, suggesting that the effects of these compounds are more severe when they act together. Endocrine biomarkers were the most responsive in the three contaminated treatments. Fitness indicators were not affected by the individual nor the interactive effects of BDE-99 and BPA. These findings highlight the relevance of accounting for the interactive effects of emerging chemical contaminants and integrating responses associated with distinct biological pathways when investigating their impacts on marine life, as such a multi-biomarker approach provides a broader, more realistic and adequate perspective of challenges faced by fish in a contaminated environment.
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Entidade financiadora
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
CEEC IND5ed
Número da atribuição
2022.07841.CEECIND/CP1724/CT0014