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Effect of calcium on quality parameters in three varieties of tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. at harvest and after four and eight months of cold storage conservation
Publication . Coelho, Ana Rita F.; Lidon, Fernando Cebola; Daccak, Diana; Luís, Inês Carmo; Marques, Ana Coelho; Pessoa, Cláudia Campos; Silva, Maria Manuela; Simões, Manuela; Legoinha, Paulo; Ramalho, José Cochicho; Pais, Isabel P.; Semedo, José Manuel Ferreira Nobre; Scotti-Campos, Paula; Gonçalves, Elsa M.; Alvarenga, Nuno; Gomes, Sandra Fernandes; Reboredo, Fernando Henrique; DCT - Departamento de Ciências da Terra; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; United Arab Emirates University
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is one of the most important food crops worldwide, being a carbohydrate-rich food and presenting a good source of vitamins and minerals. Moreover, the mineral enrichment of potatoes through foliar application has been implemented over the years, namely in calcium (Ca). As such, this study aimed to assess the Ca effect on some quality parameters in three varieties of tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. plants produced in Portugal (Agria, Picasso, and Rossi) and submitted to Ca biofortification process carried out with two types of Ca (CaCl2 and Ca-EDTA) and two different concentrations (12 and 24 kg.ha-1), at harvest and after four and eight months under cold storage con-servation. The Ca content increased with the biofortification treatments in the three varieties relative to control tubers and different correlations were observed between the mineral elements analyzed (Ca, P, K, Fe, Zn, and Mg). Only Agria (the control and treatment with 24 kg.ha-1 of Ca-EDTA) was found suitable for industrial processing in the three periods analyzed (harvest, 4M and 8M) and overall, both in raw and cooked tubers, there were differences between each variety considering the work strength, adhesiveness and CIELAB parameters (L, a*, and b*).
Dental microwear texture analysis reveals behavioural, ecological and habitat signals in Late Jurassic sauropod dinosaur faunas
Publication . Winkler, Daniela E.; Tschopp, Emanuel; Saleiro, André; Wiesinger, Ria; Kaiser, Thomas M.; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; Nature Publishing Group
Most faunas from the Mesozoic era were dominated by sauropod dinosaurs, the largest terrestrial animals to ever exist. These megaherbivores were remarkably diverse and widely distributed. Here we study three Late Jurassic faunas from the USA, Portugal and Tanzania, each approximately 150 million years old, which are known for their extreme sauropod diversity. Whereas general taxonomic composition was similar in these three faunas, the major clades differed in relative abundance. Moreover, their depositional strata record distinct climatic regimes. Using dental microwear texture analysis, we investigated the impact of these climate regimes and the resulting food availability on the different sauropod taxa. Wear patterns in camarasaurid macronarians show minimal variation across different climate regimes, supporting previous studies suggesting that these animals migrated to follow their preferred climate niche and food source. North American camarasaurids show similar wear patterns to those of Portuguese turiasaurs, another broad-crowned taxon, which did not exist in the Jurassic of North America. By contrast, where camarasaurids and turiasaurs co-occurred in Portugal, their microwear patterns are distinct, suggesting niche differentiation to avoid ecological competition between these two clades. Flagellicaudatan diplodocoids display highly variable wear patterns, indicating limited migration (and therefore seasonal variation in diet), which aligns with observed biogeography patterns in the USA. Early-branching titanosauriforms show highly distinct wear patterns between different climate regimes, which can probably be attributed to different abrasive loads in the respective habitats. Our results demonstrate that dental microwear texture analysis not only records dietary preferences but also reveals behaviour such as competition and migration related to dietary niches in past ecosystems.
A new goniopholidid crocodylomorph from the Late Jurassic of Portugal
Publication . López-Rojas, Víctor; Mateus, Simão; Marinheiro, João; Mateus, Octávio; Puértolas-Pascual, Eduardo; DCT - Departamento de Ciências da Terra; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; Coquina Press
Plenty of goniopholidid species from the Mesozoic have been found in the Iberian Peninsula. A previous goniopholidid taxon, Goniopholis baryglyphaeus Schwarz, 2002, from the Late Jurassic of the Guimarota coal mine (Leiria, central Portugal) was described. This taxon corresponds to a partial skull and some postcranial material, and it marked the oldest and first ever record of goniopholidid and Goniopholis species described for the Iberian Peninsula. Here we present a well-preserved, almost com-plete, skull of a new species, Ophiussasuchus paimogonectes gen. et sp. nov. from Upper Jurassic deposits of Praia de Paimogo (near Lourinhã, central west Portugal). The specimen corresponds to a mesorostrine, platyrostral skull of a medium-sized goniopholidid coming from the upper Kimmeridgian within the Lourinhã Formation. Phylogenetically, the new species is recovered as the sister taxon of the Early Cretaceous European clade made by Hulkepholis and Anteophthalmosuchus. Although its position is well-resolved, this new taxon displays intermediate morphological traits, sharing characteristics with Jurassic Asian and American basal goniopholidids (e.g., presence but lesser development of the secondary choana with the nasopharyngeal duct partially open), as well as more derived characters shared with Cretaceous European taxa such as Hulkepholis (e.g., the shape of the supratemporal fenestra and the palatines). As a result, Ophiussasuchus paimogonectes gen. et sp. nov. exhibits characteristics suggesting a reversion to primitive goniopholidid conditions or intermediate states between the goniopholidid taxa of North America and Europe. These findings support the shared Late Jurassic fauna between the Morrison and Lourinhã Forma-tions, while also having high endemism of taxa.
Application of fruit and vegetable processing by-products as ingredients in aquafeed
Publication . Lourenço, Sílvia; Neves, Marta; Gonçalves, Elsa M.; Roseiro, Cristina; Pombo, Ana; Raimundo, Délio; Pinheiro, Joaquina; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; Springer Nature
Aquaculture is the fastest-growing sector in the food industry. To support this growth, approximately 53 million tonnes of aquafeed are produced each year. Traditionally supported by fishmeal and fish oil, the modern aquafeed industry searches actively for novel ingredients of high nutritional value, functionality and high sustainability performance. The adoption of circular production models with the re-introduction of food processing waste in aquafeed is a valuable strategy to improve aquaculture sustainable growth. The waste generated from the fruit and vegetable processing industry (F&V by-products) arises as a source for ingredients of high nutritional and functional value. This review gathers the information available on: (i) the nutritional requirements of the most produced freshwater and marine fish species; (ii) on the production of crops that potentially originate valuable by-products for aquafeed. The nutritional and functional value of such by-products are revised as well as the routes to process and transform these by-products into aquafeed ingredients. More than 100 peer-reviewed papers were analysed to collect information on fish nutrition requirements, nutritional evaluation of F&V by-products, their application in aquafeed, and the processing and transformation methods allowing its use. The by-products of olive oil and wine production hold high potential to replace fish meal and fish oil in aquafeed. On the other hand, the extracts of seeds and peels of several fruits and vegetables can be used as a source of functional compounds to improve fish welfare, even if they must constitute a minor component in the feed formulation. The use of F&V by-products in aquafeed requires efficient processing methods to enhance their nutritional value, eliminate anti-nutritional substances, ensure feed safety, and optimise resource utilisation. Emerging technologies like high-pressure homogenization (HPH) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) are effective to add value to these by-products. However, constraints related to variable composition, scalability of technologies, regulations, market acceptance, sustainability, and waste management costs still halt their full use as ingredients in aquafeed.
Foliar Spraying with ZnSO4 or ZnO of Vitis vinifera cv. Syrah Increases the Synthesis of Photoassimilates and Favors Winemaking
Publication . Daccak, Diana; Marques, Ana Coelho; Pessoa, Cláudia Campos; Coelho, Ana Rita F.; Luís, Inês Carmo; Brito, Graça; Kullberg, José Carlos; Ramalho, José C.; Rodrigues, Ana Paula; Scotti-Campos, Paula; Pais, Isabel P.; Semedo, José N.; Silva, Maria Manuela; Legoinha, Paulo; Galhano, Carlos; Simões, Manuela; Reboredo, Fernando H.; Lidon, Fernando C.; DCT - Departamento de Ciências da Terra; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Zinc enrichment of edible food products, through the soil and/or foliar application of fertilizers, is a strategy that can increase the contents of some nutrients, namely Zn. In this context, a workflow for agronomic enrichment with zinc was carried out on irrigated Vitis vinifera cv. Syrah, aiming to evaluate the mobilization of photoassimilates to the winegrapes and the consequences of this for winemaking. During three productive cycles, foliar applications were performed with ZnSO4 or ZnO, at concentrations ranging between 150 and 1350 g.ha−1. The normal vegetation index as well as some photosynthetic parameters indicated that the threshold of Zn toxicity was not reached; it is even worth noting that with ZnSO4, a significant increase in several cases was observed in net photosynthesis (Pn). At harvest, Zn biofortification reached a 1.2 to 2.3-fold increase with ZnSO4 and ZnO, respectively (being significant relative to the control, in two consecutive years, with ZnO at a concentration of 1350 g.ha−1). Total soluble sugars revealed higher values with grapes submitted to ZnSO4 and ZnO foliar applications, which can be advantageous for winemaking. It was concluded that foliar spraying was efficient with ZnO and ZnSO4, showing potential benefits for wine quality without evidencing negative impacts.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
Concurso de avaliação no âmbito do Programa Plurianual de Financiamento de Unidades de I&D (2017/2018) - Financiamento Base
Número da atribuição
UIDB/04035/2020