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Projeto de investigação
Glass and Ceramic for the Arts
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Materiais de intervenção de conservação e restauro em vidro arqueológico
Publication . Pereira, Andreia; Vilarigues, Marcia; Coutinho, Inês; DCR - Departamento de Conservação e Restauro; VICARTE - Vidro e Cerâmica para as Artes; Associação Profissional de Conservadores-Restauradores de Portugal (ARP)
Conservation and restoration on archaeological objects in glass often involve the removal of materials from previous restorations and comprise a deep knowledge about present and past methodologies. This article presents a literature survey and critical analysis of the main materials used in the different stages of intervention: cleaning, consolidation, joining fragments and filling gaps. A considerable number of used products was identified, which illustrates the use of various methodologies among professionals from this area. Cleaning methods vary from mechanical methods using a brush (less invasive) to the use of various acidic solutions, some of which can endanger the integrity of objects, being the most common ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid. We highlight the use of epoxy resins as adhesive, consolidant and filler, as well as the acrylic resin Paraloid B72, identified as reversible, colorless, stable and inert. This survey and analysis of the bibliography reveals the need to implement common intervention methodologies dedicated to this material.
Study of modern Chinese cloisonné by means of small-spot energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy
Publication . Queralt, I.; Pessanha, S.; Carvalho, M. L.; Manso, M.; DF – Departamento de Física; LIBPhys-UNL; VICARTE - Vidro e Cerâmica para as Artes; DCR - Departamento de Conservação e Restauro; Elsevier
In this work, we studied the features of a modern Chinese cloisonné vase by means of small-spot energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Quantitative elemental results of enamel have been obtained after calibration of EDXRF instrumentation with certified reference materials. Up to eleven different coloured enamels have been recognized and analysed (black, pink, red, white, yellow and three shades of both blue and green). Enamel paste is mainly formed by the main identified elemental colouring agents - chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, antimony and cadmium– in a lead alkali silicate matrix. The body of the vase is made by copper with minor amounts of zinc and tin. Analysis of metallic decorations at the surface of the vase reveal the presence of metal coatings applied for the embellishment of the artwork. Thickness of layered metal structures have been obtained by XRF fundamental parameters assisted with data from pure metal spectra, thus revealing the gilded coatings consist of a thick layer made by silver-doped nickel.
Exceptional Illuminated Manuscripts at the Gulbenkian Museum
Publication . Grigoryan, Hermine; Vieira, Márcia; Nabais, Paula; Araújo, Rita; Melo, Maria J.; Manso, Marta; Miranda, Maria Adelaide; Rodrigues, Jorge; DCR - Departamento de Conservação e Restauro; LAQV@REQUIMTE; Instituto de Estudos Medievais (IEM); DF – Departamento de Física; LIBPhys-UNL; VICARTE - Vidro e Cerâmica para as Artes; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
The illuminated manuscripts at the Gulbenkian Museum were produced in the 17th century, in scriptoria of the Armenian diaspora. In this work, we selected analytical methods that can be used in situ to study the colors of the illuminations. Scientific analysis based on fiber-optics reflectance spectroscopy in the visible and Raman spectroscopy has shown the use of a medieval palette based on inorganic pigments such as lapis lazuli, minium, vermilion, orpiment, indigo, two different greens (vergaut and malachite), lead white and carbon black. More importantly, in this context, it showed that the very important reds and pinks are possibly based on carminic acid. The painting technique is, however, different, as are the ways of painting the faces, hands, and vestments. The range of colors in the Bible and the three Gospel Books, enhanced by lapis lazuli blue and organic reds and pinks, demonstrates a desire to create exceptional illuminated manuscripts.
Modular ma-xrf scanner development in the multi-analytical characterisation of a 17th century Azulejo from Portugal†
Publication . Lins, Sergio Augusto Barcellos; Manso, Marta; Lins, Pedro Augusto Barcellos; Brunetti, Antonio; Sodo, Armida; Gigante, Giovanni Ettore; Fabbri, Andrea; Branchini, Paolo; Tortora, Luca; Ridolfi, Stefano; DF – Departamento de Física; LIBPhys-UNL; VICARTE - Vidro e Cerâmica para as Artes; DCR - Departamento de Conservação e Restauro; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
A modular X-ray scanning system was developed, to fill in the gap between portable instruments (with a limited analytical area) and mobile instruments (with large analytical areas, and sometimes bulky and difficult to transport). The scanner has been compared to a commercial tabletop instrument, by analysing a Portuguese tile (azulejo) from the 17th century. Complementary techniques were used to achieve a throughout characterisation of the sample in a complete non-destructive approach. The complexity of the acquired X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectra, due to inherent sample stratigraphy, has been resolved using Monte Carlo simulations, and Raman spectroscopy, as the most suitable technique to complement the analysis of azulejos colours, yielding satisfactory results. The colouring agents were identified as cobalt blue and a Zn-modified Naples-yellow. The stratigraphy of the area under study was partially modelled with Monte Carlo simulations. The scanners performance has been compared by evaluating the images outputs and the global spectrum.
Parylene-Sealed Perovskite Nanocrystals Down-Shifting Layer for Luminescent Spectral Matching in Thin Film Photovoltaics
Publication . Pinheiro, Ana; Ruivo, Andreia; Rocha, João; Ferro, Marta; Pinto, Joana Vaz; Deuermeier, Jonas; Mateus, Tiago; Santa, Ana; Mendes, Manuel J.; Martins, Rodrigo; Gago, Sandra; Laia, César A.T.; Águas, Hugo; VICARTE - Vidro e Cerâmica para as Artes; LAQV@REQUIMTE; CENIMAT-i3N - Centro de Investigação de Materiais (Lab. Associado I3N); UNINOVA-Instituto de Desenvolvimento de Novas Tecnologias; MDPI AG
The present contribution aims to enhance solar cells’ performance via the development of advanced luminescent down-shifting based on encapsulated nanostructured perovskite materials. Here, thin films of inorganic lead halide (CsPbBr3) perovskite nanocrystal luminophores were synthetized, by hot-injection, deposited on glass substrates by spin-coating, and encapsulated with parylene type C, via chemical vapor deposition, to protect and stabilize the films. The optical properties of these thin films were characterized by absorption, emission and 2D contour spectra, their structure by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the morphology by Scanning Transmission Electron microscopy. I–V curve and spectral response nanocrystalline silicon photovoltaic (nc-Si:H PV) cells were studied in the absence and presence of the perovskite and parylene luminescent down-shifting layers. The incorporation of the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals and their encapsulation with the parylene type C polymeric coating led to an increase in the current generated and the spectral response of the PV cells in the regime of the nanocrystals’ fluorescence emission. A 3.1% increase in the short circuit current density and a 5.6% increase in the power conversion efficiency were observed.
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Entidade financiadora
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
6817 - DCRRNI ID
Número da atribuição
UIDB/00729/2020