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Projeto de investigação
Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre
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Autores
Publicações
Lanthanide-Based Organic Salts
Publication . Forte, Andreia; Gago, Sandra; Alves, Celso; Silva, Joana; Alves, Joana; Pedrosa, Rui; Laia, César A. T.; Marrucho, Isabel M.; Branco, Luís C.; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB); LAQV@REQUIMTE; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
The formulation of magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) or organic salts based on lanthanides as anions has been explored. In this work, a set of choline-family-based salts, and two other, different cation families, were combined with Gadolinium(III) and Terbium(III) anions. Synthetic methodologies were previously optimized, and all organic salts were obtained as solids with melting temperatures higher than 100 °C. The magnetic moments obtained for the Gd(III) salts were, as expected, smaller than those obtained for the Tb(III)-based compounds. The values for Gd(III) and Tb(III) magnetic salts are in the range of 6.55–7.30 MB and 8.22–9.34 MB, respectively. It is important to note a correlation between the magnetic moments obtained for lanthanides, and the structural features of the cation. The cytotoxicity of lanthanide-based salts was also evaluated using 3T3, 293T, Caco2, and HepG2 cells, and it was revealed that most of the prepared compounds are not toxic.
Social evaluation of a Deposit and Refund System pilot project for polyethylene terephthalate packaging
Publication . Martinho, Graça; Alves, Ana; Santos, Pedro; Ramos, Mário; DCEA - Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente; MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente; Elsevier BV
The Deposit and Refund System (DRS) has demonstrated its effectiveness as a powerful economic instrument to help to achieve the European targets for packaging waste recycling, whilst simultaneously ensuring the collection of higher-quality materials for the production of new beverage bottles. In Portugal, a pilot DRS project focusing on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) beverage packaging was implemented by the government to gain insights and experience before the introduction of the mandatory system, which will include other materials. The pilot project involved 23 Reverse Vending Machines (RVM) in supermarkets across mainland Portugal, with a questionnaire assessing behaviour changes in users and non-users. Results from 1,490 responses indicated significant public support for the future DRS and its extension to other packaging materials. Various incentives were applied to the DRS to understand the effects throughout the pilot. The economic incentive proved key to the pilot's success, as it motivated consumers to participate, actively recycling. Consequently, it is expected that the DRS will increase recycling participation rates. Two other factors that contributed to the success of the DRS were the location of the RVM and the effectiveness of communication with the public, impacting their perception of and engagement with the system. The results provided important data for planning the future national strategy, which may also be of interest to other similar realities.
Ecological quality assessment of estuarine macrobenthic communities using an integrative approach
Publication . Marujo Neves, Joana; Martins, Marta; Adão, Helena; Mil-Homens, Mário; Costa, Maria Helena; Lobo-Arteaga, Jorge; MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente; Elsevier
Macrobenthic communities play a crucial role in the functioning of estuarine ecosystems and serve as bioindicators of environmental quality. This study assessed the ecological quality of an estuarine system using the AMBI and M-AMBI indices. The following parameters were considered: (i) environmental factors (total organic matter, organic carbon, grain size, calcium carbonate), (ii) sediment trace metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Hg, Li, As), (iii) species composition (morphological and molecular identification), and (iv) anthropogenic activities. The results demonstrated notable differences between study areas, reflecting hydrodynamic processes and human activities. The AMBI index indicated that all areas exhibited conditions classified as “slightly disturbed.” However, the composition of the ecological groups and M-AMBI results differed according to the identification method. This approach allowed for a more complete understanding of communities, by integrating the influence of anthropogenic activities on the sediment and macrobenthic communities, highlighting the importance of using both identification methodologies.
Indicators and characteristics of PET packaging collected in a Deposit and Refund System pilot project
Publication . Martinho, Graça; Santos, Pedro; Alves, Ana; Ramos, Mário; DCEA - Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente; MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente; Elsevier
Countries that have a Deposit and Refund System (DRS) show high rates of selective beverage packaging waste collection, indicating that it is a powerful economic instrument for achieving the European packaging recycling targets. DRS ensure that collected material is of a sufficiently high quality to be incorporated into new products. In Portugal, the Government has decided to implement a DRS for non-reusable beverage packaging as a strategy to increase the packaging recycling rate, which is currently considerably lower than the mandatory European targets. To acquire knowledge and experience for the design and implementation of the future DRS, a pilot project was carried out with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) beverage packaging, using 23 Reverse Vending Machines (RVM) installed at supermarkets across mainland Portugal. The authors monitored the DRS pilot project between March 2020 and December 2022. The main objectives were to determine operational indicators and evaluate the characteristics and quality of the PET deposited, using both the data recorded by the RVM and a characterisation of the packages contained in a sample of 46 bags. The results provided important data for planning the Portuguese strategy, which may also support operational or political decisions in countries in similar contexts. Whilst the recycling plants that received the material collected in these RVM confirmed that its quality allows for the production of PET food-grade flakes, this research identified a need to improve the design of packaging and to communicate this with producers, to better allow for the incorporation of recycled material into food beverage packaging.
Spatial Planning Response to the Challenges of Climate Change Adaptation
Publication . Nowak, Maciej J.; Monteiro, Renato; Olcina-Cantos, Jorge; Vagiona, Dimitra G.; DCEA - Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente; MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente; Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
The task of combining objectives, spatial planning instruments, and climate change adaptation targets is a complex endeavour that varies across countries. There is a call for a universal discussion on how spatial planning should respond to climate change challenges. To address this issue, this article delves into the approaches taken by Greece, Spain, Portugal, and Poland, aiming to explore how spatial planning instruments support climate change adaptation goals. The authors, based on a jointly extracted questionnaire, identified what they consider to be the most relevant examples of instruments to use to ensure the integration of spatial planning objectives and the response to climate challenges. The identified solutions are compared in detail. Three key spatial planning themes emerged in this study: investment in renewable energy, the development and preservation of green infrastructure, and the protection of coastal zones. This article examines the systemic solutions found in these countries, discusses the role of both classical and sectoral spatial planning instruments, and identifies the level of public authority responsible for key interventions. It shows that instruments developed at the supra-local level should support local authorities by providing them with legal and substantive arguments for developing solutions relevant to climate challenges.
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Entidade financiadora
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
6817 - DCRRNI ID
Número da atribuição
UIDP/04292/2020