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Multimodal interaction between a mother and her twin preterm infants (male and female) in maternal speech and humming during kangaroo care
Publication . Carvalho, Eduarda; Rodrigues, Helena; Ricón, Raul; Rosado Miranda Justo, João Manuel; Centro de Estudos de Sociologia e Estética Musical (CESEM - NOVA FCSH); Departamento de Ciências Musicais (DCM); MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
The literature reports the benefits of multimodal interaction with the maternal voice for preterm dyads in kangaroo care. Little is known about multimodal interaction and vocal modulation between preterm mother–twin dyads. This study aims to deepen the knowledge about multimodal interaction (maternal touch, mother’s and infants’ vocalizations and infants’ gaze) between a mother and her twin preterm infants (twin 1 [female] and twin 2 [male]) during speech and humming in kangaroo care. A microanalytical case study was carried out using ELAN, PRAAT, and MAXQDA software. Descriptive and comparative analysis was performed using SPSS software. We observed: (1) significantly longer humming phrases to twin 2 than to twin 1 (p = 0.002), (2) significantly longer instances of maternal touch in humming than in speech to twin 1 (p = 0.000), (3) a significant increase in the pitch of maternal speech after twin 2 gazed (p = 0.002), and (4) a significant increase of pitch in humming after twin 1 vocalized (p = 0.026). This exploratory study contributes to questioning the role of maternal touch during humming in kangaroo care, as well as the mediating role of the infant’s gender and visual and vocal behavior in the tonal change of humming or speech.
Lullabies and Preterm Infants
Publication . Sá, Carolina; Carvalho, Eduarda; Centro de Estudos de Sociologia e Estética Musical (CESEM - NOVA FCSH)
The practice of singing to babies has been observed around the world, in all cultures and historical periods. In cases of prematurity, benefits of maternal singing have been reported for both the baby and maternal anxiety levels. Therefore, several authors have expressed concerns about the possible decrease in singing practice for the infant and, consequently, the loss of transmission of children’s oral repertoire. In this study, our purpose was to understand what and how do mothers sing to their babies, in the specific case of hospitalized pre-term infants in a Portuguese NICU. We used a mixt method in a study case where 36 mothers sang without words to their hospitalized preterm infants during Kangaroo Care. We parametrized the repertoire and analyzed its characteristics, namely the melodic contours, range pitch, melodic intervals, rhythm, tempo and form. The participants also responded to a questionnaire regarding the habits of singing to their baby. Older and more educated mothers sang more pre-existent melodies and younger mothers tended to improvise. This study showed that the former mothers tend to sing adult songs and children's mediated songs to their hospitalized babies more than traditional Portuguese play songs or lullabies suggesting that mothers are not familiar with the Portuguese repertoire, as shown in other studies. It is possible that the sociological changes Portuguese families, as well as the development of automatic reproduction devices that replace mother’s voice, led to this fact. The latter mothers’ improvised singing was highly repetitive and mostly by whole tones. These characteristics, maybe related to an attempt to please and calm the baby, were also common to a comfortable chant for a female voice without practice.
O canto materno na ontogénese da musicalidade comunicativo e da ludicidade humana
Publication . Carvalho, Eduarda; Centro de Estudos de Sociologia e Estética Musical (CESEM - NOVA FCSH)
La voix maternelle, le babillage fœtal et l’interaction mère-enfant à naître
Publication . Carvalho, Eduarda; Centro de Estudos em Música (CESEM - NOVA FCSH)
La voix maternelle est un élément primordial du développement ontogénétique, et particulièrement, un élément constitutif de l’origine de la communication humaine et de l’intersubjectivité primaire. Peut-on parler d’une « subjectivité originaire prénatale»? Quelle est la participation de la voix maternelle dans l’origine des proto-dialogues mère-fœtus? Quelle est la participation des mouvements du fœtus dans ces proto-dialogues »? La voix maternelle possède une importance primordiale dans le lien biopsychique prénatal mère-enfant à naître. Selon l’hypothèse de Maiello (1997), du côté de l’enfant, la voix maternelle occupe un lieu d’Object Prénatal. Du côté de la mère, la voix maternelle apporte un lien avec l’enfant et un lien avec l’Objet primordial de l’enfance maternelle. On discutera quel sera l’implication du double vécu de la voix maternelle dans la subjectivation maternelle de l’écoute de l’enfant à naître. Les approches de la psychanalyse, du développement et de la cognition humaines seront le fil rouge de notre discussion.
Maternal humming during kangaroo care
Publication . Carvalho, Eduarda; Rosado Miranda Justo, João Manuel; Centro de Estudos em Música (CESEM - NOVA FCSH); MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Humming is probably more effective than speech for improving mothers’ cardiorespiratory function and infants’ self-regulation. We intend to understand the effects of (1) maternal humming vs. speech on preterm infants’ physiological parameters, (2) maternal humming vs. speech on mothers’ physiological parameters, and (3) humming melodic contours and the process of the lengthening of the final note on preterm infants’ physiological parameters. This study was designed as a single-group repeated measures study, using microanalytical methodology (ELAN software version 4.9.4), with a protocol (silent baseline/speech, humming/silence/humming, or speech/silence) applied to preterm dyads (N = 36). Audio and video observations were recorded. Infants’ and mothers’ heart rates (HR) and O2 saturations were observed once a minute. The proportion of O2 saturation relative to HR (Prop. O2 saturation/HR) was estimated for both partners during the protocol. We found that the infants’ HR mean was significantly lower during humming (p = 0.028), while a significantly higher Prop. O2 saturation/HR ratio was recorded during humming for infants (p = 0.027) and mothers (p = 0.029). The duration of sinusoidal contours, together with the lengthening of the final note, predicts infants’ Prop. O2 saturation/HR ratio. Musical features of humming seem to improve the physiological stability of preterm infants during kangaroo care.
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Entidade financiadora
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
DL 57/2016
Número da atribuição
DL 57/2016/CP1453/CT0099