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GeoBioSciences GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering
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Biomass and leaf acclimations to ultraviolet solar radiation in juvenile plants of Coffea arabica and C. Canephora
Publication . Bernado, Wallace de Paula; Rakocevic, Miroslava; Santos, Anne Reis; Ruas, Katherine Fraga; Baroni, Danilo Força; Abraham, Ana Cabrera; Pireda, Saulo; Oliveira, Dhiego da Silva; Da Cunha, Maura; Ramalho, José Cochicho; Campostrini, Eliemar; Rodrigues, Weverton Pereira; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Despite the negative impacts of increased ultraviolet radiation intensity on plants, these organisms continue to grow and produce under the increased environmental UV levels. We hypothe-sized that ambient UV intensity can generate acclimations in plant growth, leaf morphology, and photochemical functioning in modern genotypes of Coffea arabica and C. canephora. Coffee plants were cultivated for ca. six months in a mini greenhouse under either near ambient (UVam) or reduced (UVre) ultraviolet regimes. At the plant scale, C. canephora was substantially more impacted by UVam when compared to C. arabica, investing more carbon in all juvenile plant components than under UVre. When subjected to UVam, both species showed anatomic adjustments at the leaf scale, such as increases in stomatal density in C. canephora, at the abaxial and adaxial cuticles in both species, and abaxial epidermal thickening in C. arabica, although without apparent impact on the thickness of palisade and spongy parenchyma. Surprisingly, C. arabica showed more efficient energy dissipation mechanism under UVam than C. canephora. UVam promoted elevated protective carotenoid content and a greater use of energy through photochemistry in both species, as reflected in the photochemical quenching increases. This was associated with an altered chlorophyll a/b ratio (significantly only in C. arabica) that likely promoted a greater capability to light energy capture. Therefore, UV levels promoted different modifications between the two Coffea sp. regarding plant biomass production and leaf morphology, including a few photochemical differences between species, suggesting that modifications at plant and leaf scale acted as an acclimation response to actual UV intensity.
Uncovering the wide protective responses in Coffea spp. leaves to single and superimposed exposure of warming and severe water deficit
Publication . Rodrigues, Ana P.; Pais, Isabel P.; Leitão, António E.; Dubberstein, Danielly; Lidon, Fernando C.; Marques, Isabel; Semedo, José N.; Rakocevic, Miroslava; Scotti-Campos, Paula; Campostrini, Eliemar; Rodrigues, Weverton P.; Simões-Costa, Maria Cristina; Reboredo, Fernando H.; Partelli, Fábio L.; DaMatta, Fábio M.; Ribeiro-Barros, Ana I.; Ramalho, José C.; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; Frontiers Media
Climate changes boosted the frequency and severity of drought and heat events, with aggravated when these stresses occur simultaneously, turning crucial to unveil the plant response mechanisms to such harsh conditions. Therefore, plant responses/resilience to single and combined exposure to severe water deficit (SWD) and heat were assessed in two cultivars of the main coffee-producing species: Coffea arabica cv. Icatu and C. canephora cv. Conilon Clone 153 (CL153). Well-watered plants (WW) were exposed to SWD under an adequate temperature of 25/20°C (day/night), and thereafter submitted to a gradual increase up to 42/30°C, and a 14-d recovery period (Rec14). Greater protective response was found to single SWD than to single 37/28°C and/or 42/30°C (except for HSP70) in both cultivars, but CL153-SWD plants showed the larger variations of leaf thermal imaging crop water stress index (CWSI, 85% rise at 37/28°C) and stomatal conductance index (IG, 66% decline at 25/20°C). Both cultivars revealed great resilience to SWD and/or 37/28°C, but a tolerance limit was surpassed at 42/30°C. Under stress combination, Icatu usually displayed lower impacts on membrane permeability, and PSII function, likely associated with various responses, usually mostly driven by drought (but often kept or even strengthened under SWD and 42/30°C). These included the photoprotective zeaxanthin and lutein, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, Cu,Zn-SOD; ascorbate peroxidase, APX), HSP70, arabinose and mannitol (involving de novo sugar synthesis), contributing to constrain lipoperoxidation. Also, only Icatu showed a strong reinforcement of glutathione reductase activity under stress combination. In general, the activities of antioxidative enzymes declined at 42/30°C (except Cu,Zn-SOD in Icatu and CAT in CL153), but HSP70 and raffinose were maintained higher in Icatu, whereas mannitol and arabinose markedly increased in CL153. Overall, a great leaf plasticity was found, especially in Icatu that revealed greater responsiveness of coordinated protection under all experimental conditions, justifying low PIChr and absence of lipoperoxidation increase at 42/30°C. Despite a clear recovery by Rec14, some aftereffects persisted especially in SWD plants (e.g., membranes), relevant in terms of repeated stress exposure and full plant recovery to stresses.
Metamitron and shade effects on leaf physiology and thinning efficacy of malus × domestica borkh
Publication . Rosa, Nídia; Àvila, Glória; Carbó, Joaquim; Verjans, Wim; Pais, Isabel Pereira; da Silva, Anabela Bernardes; Martins, Luísa Louro; Mourato, Miguel Pedro; Carvalho, Luísa Cristina; Scotti-Campos, Paula; Bonany, Joan; Asín, Luís; Ramalho, José Cochicho; Oliveira, Cristina Moniz; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Thinning strategies, namely shade or photosynthetic inhibitors, rely on the reduction of carbon supply to the fruit below the demand, causing fruit abscission. In order to clarify the subject, seven field trials were carried out in Lleida, Girona, and Sint-Truiden (2017 + 2018), using orchards of ‘Golden’ and ‘Gala’ apple trees. At the stage of 9–14-mm fruit diameter, four treatments were implemented: (A) CTR-control, trees under natural environmental conditions; (B) SN-shaded trees, trees above which shading nets reducing 50% of irradiance were installed 24 h after metamitron application date—without application of metamitron—and removed after five days; (C) MET-trees sprayed with 247.5 ppm of metamitron; (D) MET + SN-trees submitted to the combined exposure to metamitron application and shading nets. Low radiation significantly increased metamitron absorption (36–53% in the three locations in 2018) and reduced its degradation. Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were strongly reduced in all treatments, with minimum values 2 days after spraying (DAS) and incomplete recovery 10 DAS in MET + SN. All treatments resulted in leaf sucrose and sorbitol decreases, leading to a negative carbon balance. SN and MET + SN promoted the highest thinning efficacy, increasing fruit weight and size, with MET + SN causing over-thinning in some trials. Leaf antioxidant enzymes showed moderate changes in activity increases under MET or MET + SN, accompanied by a rise of glutathione content and a reduction in ascorbate, however without lipid peroxidation. This work shows that environmental conditions, such as cloudy days, must be carefully considered upon metamitron application, since the low irradiance enhances metamitron efficacy and may cause over-thinning.
Smart Agricultural System using Proximal Sensing, Artificial Intelligence and LoRa technology
Publication . Araujo, Sara Oleiro; Peres, Ricardo Silva; Pian, Livia Bischof; Lidon, Fernando; Ramalho, Jose Cochicho; Barata, Jose; DCT - Departamento de Ciências da Terra; UNINOVA-Instituto de Desenvolvimento de Novas Tecnologias; CTS - Centro de Tecnologia e Sistemas; DEE - Departamento de Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
The agricultural sector faces significant challenges, including resource inefficiency, unpredictable weather conditions, and the need for sustainable practices. These issues necessitate the application of advanced methods introduced by Agriculture 4.0 to ensure productivity and sustainability. This paper focus on the application of the Intelligent Data-Driven Decision Support System for Agricultural Systems (ID3SAS) methodology to a proximal sensing case study aimed at improving vineyard management via monitoring and predictive modeling with Artificial Intelligence. The developed system was deployed in vineyards in Portugal, and provided a robust test-bed for real-world application.
Mineral Monitorization in Different Tissues of Solanum tuberosum L. during Calcium Biofortification Process
Publication . Coelho, Ana Rita F.; Lidon, Fernando Cebola; Pessoa, Cláudia Campos; Daccak, Diana; Luís, Inês Carmo; Marques, Ana Coelho; Ramalho, José Cochicho; Semedo, José Manuel N.; Silva, Maria Manuela; Pais, Isabel P.; Brito, Maria Graça; Kullberg, José Carlos; Legoinha, Paulo; Simões, Maria; Scotti-Campos, Paula; Pessoa, Maria Fernanda; Reboredo, Fernando Henrique; DCT - Departamento de Ciências da Terra; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Calcium is one of the 16 essential elements for plants, being required as Ca2+ and being involved in several fundamental processes (namely, in the stability and integrity of the cell wall, the development of plant tissue, cell division, and in stress responses). Moreover, Ca plays an important role in potato production. In this context, this study aimed to monitor the culture development (in situ and using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)) and the mineral content of four essential elements (Ca, P, K, and S) in different organs of Solanum tuberosum L. (roots, stems, leaves, and tubers) during a calcium biofortification process, carried out with two types of solutions (CaCl2 and Ca-EDTA) with two concentrations (12 and 24 kg∙ha−1). The calcium content generally increased in the S. tuberosum L. organs of both varieties and showed, after the last foliar application, an increase in Ca content that varied between 5.7–95.6% and 20.7–33%, for the Picasso and Agria varieties, respectively. The patterns of accumulation in both varieties during the biofortification process were different between the variety and mineral element. Regarding the quality analysis carried out during the development of the tubers, only the Agria variety was suitable for industrial processing after the last foliar application.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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6817 - DCRRNI ID
Número da atribuição
UIDP/04035/2020