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Forest Research Centre
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Management and Quality Assurance of Irrigation Water in the Sustainable Production of Selenium-Enriched Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Publication . Marques, Ana Coelho; Daccak, Diana; Luís, Inês Carmo; Coelho, Ana Rita F.; Pessoa, Cláudia Campos; Simões, Manuela; Scotti-Campos, Paula; Almeida, Ana Sofia; Brito, Maria Graça; Kullberg, José Carlos; Galhano, Carlos; Reboredo, Fernando; Legoinha, Paulo; Ramalho, José C.; Semedo, José Manuel N.; Pais, Isabel P.; Silva, Maria Manuela; Pessoa, Maria Fernanda; Palha, Lourenço; Silva, Cátia; Lidon, Fernando C.; DCT - Departamento de Ciências da Terra; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias
There is a growing need for strategic actions involving efficient water use, sustainableagricultural production, and food security. Agricultural productivity can be improved through goodagricultural practices based on water-quality management, new genetically modified resources, andusing precision agriculture. This study aimed to monitor the crop water (supply, irrigation, andflooding) of an advanced rice (Oryza sativa L.) line of the breeding program (OP 1509) subjected toSelenium (Se) enrichment. Water lines in a paddy rice field were monitored by Unmanned AerialVehicles (UAVs). The parameters of pH, pHs, electrical conductivity, temperature, HCO3−, Cl−,SO42−, PO43−, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were analyzed. According to the Piper diagram, the sampleswere classified as sodium chloride bicarbonate (supply) and sodium bicarbonate chloride (irrigationand flooding). The Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) was calculated and indicated that waters aregood to use in agricultural practices. According to the Wilcox classification, regarding agricultureuse, the samples were classified as C2S1 (supply and irrigation) and C3S1 (flooding). The Seleniumcontents were analyzed by atomic absorption and significant differences were observed in rice grains,with a maximum content of 10 mg.kg−1. In conclusion, the water quality is in accordance with theparameters for use in this crop and the workflow used improved the grain quality.
Protective Responses at the Biochemical and Molecular Level Differ between a Coffea arabica L. Hybrid and Its Parental Genotypes to Supra-Optimal Temperatures and Elevated Air [CO2]
Publication . Vinci, Gabriella; Marques, Isabel; Rodrigues, Ana P.; Martins, Sónia; Leitão, António E.; Semedo, Magda C.; Silva, Maria J.; Lidon, Fernando C.; DaMatta, Fábio M.; Ribeiro-Barros, Ana I.; Ramalho, José C.; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Climate changes with global warming associated with rising atmospheric [CO2] can strongly impact crop performance, including coffee, which is one of the most world’s traded agricultural commodities. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand the mechanisms of heat tolerance and the potential role of elevated air CO2 (eCO2) in the coffee plant response, particularly regarding the antioxidant and other protective mechanisms, which are crucial for coffee plant acclimation. For that, plants of Coffea arabica cv. Geisha 3, cv. Marsellesa and their hybrid (Geisha 3 × Marsellesa) were grown for 2 years at 25/20 °C (day/night), under 400 (ambient CO2, aCO2) or 700 µL (elevated CO2, eCO2) CO2 L−1, and then gradually submitted to a temperature increase up to 42/30 °C, followed by recovery periods of 4 (Rec4) and 14 days (Rec14). Heat (37/28 °C and/or 42/30 °C) was the major driver of the response of the studied protective molecules and associated genes in all genotypes. That was the case for carotenoids (mostly neoxanthin and lutein), but the maximal (α + β) carotenes pool was found at 37/28 °C only in Marsellesa. All genes (except VDE) encoding for antioxidative enzymes (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutases, CuSODs; ascorbate peroxidases, APX) or other protective proteins (HSP70, ELIP, Chape20, Chape60) were strongly up-regulated at 37/28 °C, and, especially, at 42/30 °C, in all genotypes, but with maximal transcription in Hybrid plants. Accordingly, heat greatly stimulated the activity of APX and CAT (all genotypes) and glutathione reductase (Geisha3, Hybrid) but not of SOD. Notably, CAT activity increased even at 42/30 °C, concomitantly with a strongly declined APX activity. Therefore, increased thermotolerance might arise through the reinforcement of some ROS-scavenging enzymes and other protective molecules (HSP70, ELIP, Chape20, Chape60). Plants showed low responsiveness to single eCO2 under unstressed conditions, while heat promoted changes in aCO2 plants. Only eCO2 Marsellesa plants showed greater contents of lutein, the pool of the xanthophyll cycle components (V + A + Z), and β-carotene, compared to aCO2 plants at 42/30 °C. This, together with a lower CAT activity, suggests a lower presence of H2O2, likely also associated with the higher photochemical use of energy under eCO2. An incomplete heat stress recovery seemed evident, especially in aCO2 plants, as judged by the maintenance of the greater expression of all genes in all genotypes and increased levels of zeaxanthin (Marsellesa and Hybrid) relative to their initial controls. Altogether, heat was the main response driver of the addressed protective molecules and genes, whereas eCO2 usually attenuated the heat response and promoted a better recovery. Hybrid plants showed stronger gene expression responses, especially at the highest temperature, when compared to their parental genotypes, but altogether, Marsellesa showed a greater acclimation potential. The reinforcement of antioxidative and other protective molecules are, therefore, useful biomarkers to be included in breeding and selection programs to obtain coffee genotypes to thrive under global warming conditions, thus contributing to improved crop sustainability.
Calcium Biofortification of Rocha Pear Fruits
Publication . Pessoa, Cláudia Campos; Lidon, Fernando C.; Daccak, Diana; Luís, Inês Carmo; Marques, Ana Coelho; Coelho, Ana Rita F.; Legoinha, Paulo; Ramalho, José Cochicho; Leitão, António E.; Guerra, Mauro; Leitão, Roberta G.; Campos, Paula Scotti; Pais, Isabel P.; Silva, Maria Manuela; Reboredo, Fernando H.; Pessoa, Maria Fernanda; Simões, Manuela; DCT - Departamento de Ciências da Terra; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; LIBPhys-UNL; DF – Departamento de Física; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Following an agronomic approach for the Ca enrichment of Rocha pears, this study aimed to assess the interactions between mineral nutrients in fruit tissues at harvest and after storage for 5 months and to characterize the implications on the profile of sugars and fatty acids (FA). A total of seven foliar sprays (with concentrations of 0.1–0.6 kg·ha−1 Ca(NO3)2 and 0.8–8 kg·ha−1 CaCl2) were applied to pear trees. After harvest, the fruits were stored for 5 months, in environmentally controlled chambers, and the mineral contents in five regions (on the equatorial section) of the fruits were assessed, while the sugar and FA content were quantified. For both dates, all foliar sprayed treatments, at different extends, increased Ca content in the center and near the epidermis of Rocha pear fruits and the levels of K, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu also varied. At harvest, the Ca treatments did not affect the levels of sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol and, after storage, their concentrations remained higher in Ca-treated fruits. Additionally, the tendency of the relative proportions of FA was C18:2 > C18:1 > C16:0 > C18:3 > C18:0 > chains inferior to 16 C (<16:0), but after storage it was C18:2 > C16:0 > C18:3 > C18:0 > C18:1 > chains inferior to 16 C (<16:0). It is concluded that the heterogeneous distribution of Ca in the tissues of Rocha pear fruits results from its absorption in the peel after Ca(NO3)2 and CaCl2 sprays and from the xylemic flux in the core prior to maturity. Additionally, the hydrolysis of complex polysaccharides affects the contents of simpler sugars during maturation, ripening and senescence, while storage decreases the amount of total fatty acids (TFA), but the double bond index (DBI) indicate that cell membrane fluidity remains unaffected.
Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters in Two Winegrapes Varieties after Foliar Application of ZnSO4 and ZnO
Publication . Daccak, Diana; Lidon, Fernando C.; Coelho, Ana Rita F.; Luís, Inês Carmo; Marques, Ana Coelho; Pessoa, Cláudia Campos; Brito, Maria da Graça; Kullberg, José Carlos; Ramalho, José C.; Silva, Maria José; Rodrigues, Ana Paula; Campos, Paula Scotti; Pais, Isabel P.; Semedo, José N.; Silva, Maria Manuela; Legoinha, Paulo; Galhano, Carlos; Simões, Manuela; Pessoa, Maria Fernanda; Reboredo, Fernando H.; DCT - Departamento de Ciências da Terra; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
One-third of the world’s population is suffering from “hidden hunger” due to micronutrient deficiency. Zinc is acquired through diet, leading its deficiency to the development of disorders such as retarded growth, anorexia, infections, and hypogeusia. Accordingly, this study aimed to develop an agronomic workflow for Zn biofortification on two red winegrapes varieties (cv. Castelão and Syrah) and determine the physicochemical implications for winemaking. Both varieties produced in Setúbal (Portugal) were submitted to four foliar applications of ZnSO4 or ZnO (900 and 1350 g ha−1, respectively), during the production cycle. At harvest, Zn biofortification reached a 4.3- and 2.3-fold increase with ZnO 1350 g ha−1 in Castelão and Syrah, respectively (although, with ZnSO4 1350 g ha−1 both varieties revealed an increase in Zn concentration). On a physiological basis, lower values of NDVI were found in the biofortified grapes, although not reflected in photosynthetic parameters with cv. Syrah shows even a potential benefit with the use of Zn fertilizers. Regarding physical and chemical parameters (density, total soluble solids, dry weight, and color), relative to the control no significant changes in both varieties were observed, being suitable for winemaking. It was concluded that ZnSO4 and ZnO foliar fertilization efficiently increased Zn concentration on both varieties without a negative impact on quality, but cv. Castelão showed a better index of Zn biofortification and pointed to a potentially higher quality for winemaking.
Primary metabolite profile changes in coffea spp. Promoted by single and combined exposure to drought and elevated co2 concentration
Publication . Rodrigues, Ana M.; Jorge, Tiago; Osório, Sónia; Pott, Delphine M.; Lidon, Fernando C.; Damatta, Fábio M.; Marques, Isabel; Ribeiro-Barros, Ana I.; Ramalho, José C.; António, Carla; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB); GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; DCT - Departamento de Ciências da Terra; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Climate change scenarios pose major threats to many crops worldwide, including coffee. We explored the primary metabolite responses in two Coffea genotypes, C. canephora cv. Conilon Clone 153 and C. arabica cv. Icatu, grown at normal (aCO2) or elevated (eCO2) CO2 concentrations of 380 or 700 ppm, respectively, under well-watered (WW), moderate (MWD), or severe (SWD) water deficit conditions, in order to assess coffee responses to drought and how eCO2 can influence such responses. Primary metabolites were analyzed with a gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry metabolomics platform (GC-TOF-MS). A total of 48 primary metabolites were identified in both genotypes (23 amino acids and derivatives, 10 organic acids, 11 sugars, and 4 other metabolites), with differences recorded in both genotypes. Increased metabolite levels were observed in CL153 plants under single and combined conditions of aCO2 and drought (MWD and SWD), as opposed to the observed decreased levels under eCO2 in both drought conditions. In contrast, Icatu showed minor differences under MWD, and increased levels (especially amino acids) only under SWD at both CO2 concentration conditions, although with a tendency towards greater increases under eCO2. Altogether, CL153 demonstrated large impact under MWD, and seemed not to benefit from eCO2 in either MWD and SWD, in contrast with Icatu.
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Entidade financiadora
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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6817 - DCRRNI ID
Número da atribuição
UIDB/00239/2020