Publication . Dias Santos, Cristiana Catarina; Domingos, Pedro
"The accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins in the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to a cellular condition known as
“ER stress”. To alleviate this stress and restore cellular
homeostasis, cells activate a signalling pathway collectively referred
to as the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). As a result, the ER
sensor protein IRE1 is activated and mediates the splicing of XBP1
mRNA. Xbp1 spliced (Xbp1s) is an effective transcription factor and
promotes the transcription of UPR-target genes, helping to reduce
ER stress levels. However, when stress is prolonged or severe, it
can lead to cell death by apoptosis.(...)"