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Projeto de investigação
HERCULES Lab - Cultural Heritage Studies and Safeguard
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Publicações
Hydrophobic Coatings’ Efficiency and Limestones’ Resistance to Salt Crystallisation
Publication . Lisci, Carla; Galhano, Carlos; Simão, Joaquim; Pires, Vera; Sitzia, Fabio; Mirão, José; DCT - Departamento de Ciências da Terra; GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias; Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Stone deterioration is significantly influenced by the process of salt crystallisation. The expansion of salt crystals on a porous framework exerts pressure on the solid fraction, causing the stone to deteriorate when the internal pressure of salt surpasses the stone’s strength. Protective coatings are employed to effectively hinder or substantially reduce the penetration of water and saline solutions. This study attempts to evaluate the effectiveness and long-term durability of limestones protected with hydrophobic coatings, focusing on their resistance to salt damage. The investigation followed the specifications set by the standard EN 12370:2019 and EN 14147:2003, which assesses the resistance of natural stone to salt crystallisation. The findings of this study indicate the conservation of physical–mechanical properties after ageing tests. In parallel, measurements of the static contact angle and the measurement of quality indexes revealed that the coatings maintained a certain level of hydrophobicity even after undergoing salt weathering tests, maintaining the good quality of the stones.
From Flanders to Portugal
Publication . Antunes, Vanessa; Candeias, António; Mirão, José; Valadas, Sara; Cardoso, Ana; Francisco, Maria José; Lauw, Alexandra; Manso, Marta; Carvalho, Maria Luísa; VICARTE - Vidro e Cerâmica para as Artes; DF – Departamento de Física; LIBPhys-UNL; DCR - Departamento de Conservação e Restauro; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
This study offers fresh insights into the technical and stylistic exchanges between Flemish and Portuguese panel painting during the late 15th and early 16th centuries. By comparing two contemporaneous works, we trace Flemish influence in Portugal through a detailed materials and techniques analysis. Non-invasive, in situ methods—including energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF), macro-photography (MP), infrared reflectography (IRR), and dendrochronology—were used to examine each painting’s wooden support, ground layer, underdrawing, and pigment stratigraphy. Select micro-sampling analyses—micro-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (μ-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and micro-Raman spectroscopy (µ-Raman)—provided complementary data on binder and pigment composition. While both paintings share nearly identical pigments and layering sequences and employ comparable coating techniques, their ground compositions differ subtly. Notably, the Flemish work features extensive gold-leaf application, whereas underdrawing execution takes on principal importance in the Portuguese example. Together, these findings reveal that Jorge Afonso’s workshop developed a distinct Portuguese method—rooted in Flemish practices disseminated by Quentin Metsys—yet adapted to local materials and aesthetic priorities.
O caderno de esboços de um artista: O antigo retábulo da Sé de Goa (India) atribuído ao pintor Garcia Fernandes - influências iconográficas, estilísticas e estudo do desenho subjacente
Publication . Antunes, Vanessa; Serrão, Vitor; Candeias, António; Mirão, José; Valadas, Sara; Carvalho, Maria Luísa; LIBPhys-UNL; DF – Departamento de Física; Associação Profissional de Conservadores-Restauradores de Portugal (ARP)
Goa Cathedral former altarpiece, attributed to Garcia Fernandes and made around 1538, is one of the oldest western pictorial works in India. It is a work of great importance in the establishment of the conquest of Goa by the Portuguese but also for understanding the influence of Portuguese painting overseas. Goa Cathedral former altarpiece is revealed as a crucial study source of Garcia Fernandes' creative process. There is evidence in the vigorous underdrawing of these paintings, of the existence of different types of drawing, as well as abandoned iconographic themes, or formal alterations of compositions. The iconographic and stylistic study evidences north and south-European influences in the choice and representation of the themes around the Martírio de Santa Catarina. In the present study, this work is compared in the making of the underdrawing with other works attributed to Garcia Fernandes.
A painter in the shadow
Publication . Antunes, Vanessa; Serrão, Vítor; Valadas, Sara; Candeias, António; Mirão, José; Cardoso, Ana; Manso, Marta; Carvalho, Maria L.; LIBPhys-UNL; DF – Departamento de Física; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
The painting collection of Santa Casa da Misericórdia da Lourinhã is amongst Portugal’s most notable and scarcely best-known cultural heritage. The artistic interest of this pictorial group, besides the advanced state of degradation of a number of the paintings, together with the ruined circumstances of the building accommodating the collection, today in reconstruction, were the key reasons for this study. Thermo-hygrometric measurements were carried out. A multianalytical methodology incorporating micro-X-ray diffraction (µ-XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), micro-Raman spectroscopy (µ-Raman), micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (µ-FTIR) has been followed for the study. These analyses were complemented by infrared photography (IRP) and reflectography (IRR), allowing the study of the underdrawing technique. The results of this study were compared with previous ones of the painter’s workshop and important distinctions and similarities were found within the materials and techniques used. This analysis methodology on materials contributes to safeguarding and the ensuing community awareness of this cultural heritage in danger.
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Entidade financiadora
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
6817 - DCRRNI ID
Número da atribuição
UID/Multi/04449/2013