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Landscapes of Fear
Publication . Freitas, Joana Isabel Ricardo Gaspar; Instituto de Estudos de Literatura e Tradição (IELT - NOVA FCSH)
In Portugal the connection with the sea is very ancient — that, at least, is the idea passed down through the generations, and taken to be a source of national pride. In Portuguese traditional literature, however, the sea and maritime matters are little discussed, compared to rural affairs, which is something of a contradiction for a nation that defines itself as “essentially maritime”. The historical data, too, seem to contradict the idea of a broadly maritime vocation. This article deals with the relationship the Portuguese have with their coastline, trying to understand the forms of settlement of that space. By comparing historical sources with the texts from the popular tradition we can determine the reasons – either real (piracy, storms and shipwrecks, scarcity of resources) or imaginary (fear of the unknown) – for the scant population of long stretches of the Portuguese coastline up to the nineteenth century. The image of an uninviting, hostile and deserted coastline transmitted through the popular tradition and the historical record fits in well with that theorized by Yi-Fu Tuan, in his work, Landscapes of Fear. Broadly speaking, the topos of ancestral fears of Portuguese popular tradition correlates with Tuan’s arguments: the landscapes of fear are spaces which represent desert, wilderness, no-man’s-land. In Portugal the nineteenth century represents a turning point for the coast, because it was then that it became a space for the recreation and leisure of the elites.
Turismo de massas versus Protecção da Orla Costeira no Algarve
Publication . Freitas, Joana Isabel Ricardo Gaspar; Dias, João Alveirinho; Instituto de Estudos de Literatura e Tradição (IELT - NOVA FCSH); Associação Portuguesa para o Estudo do Quaternário (APEQ)
The Algarve, in the south of Portugal, is a good example of the impacts of human settlement in the seashore. Far away from the main urban centers, the region was able to keep until the middle of the twentieth century a number of natural features and traditional ways of life already disappeared in other places. Between 1960-80, the Algarve experienced an unprecedented development due to the influx of foreign tourists and Portuguese, especially after the Democratic Revolution of 1974 that improved living conditions. Excessive urban growth followed mass tourism and economic interests overlap the common good. The development plans drawn in the 1960s were never put into practice and in the troubled years that followed the Democratic Revolution there was no control of the building. When the first spatial planning instruments were adopted (in the 1990s) the existing situation and the rights established in the past forced the sanctioning of irregularities, calling into question the practice of good management concerning land use. The increasing of human activity in the seashore in such a short time and with such intensity caused imbalances in coastal natural systems, contributing to the degradation of the landscape and endangering human presence in the most affected parts.
Contra a maré cremos, crianças, que basta edificar mais cubos e muralhas de areia
Publication . Freitas, Joana Gaspar de; Dias, João Alveirinho; Paula, Davis; Fonseca, Luís; Vasconcelos, Raimundo; Schmidt, Luísa; Instituto de Estudos de Literatura e Tradição (IELT - NOVA FCSH)
This work is not a scientific paper and therefore does not follow the typical structure. This text is a collection of the opinions of several researchers that share a common interest in coastal areas. They were asked to reflect – based on their personal and professional experience – about present coastal management, using as a start the phrase of the plastic artist Carlos Augusto Ribeiro – Like children we believe that stopping the tide is only a matter of building more sand walls. Several themes are addressed: traditional populations and knowledge, maritime engineering works, conflict management, ecosystems destruction and unsustainability, new models for coastal management and participative citizenship.
A historical view on coastal erosion
Publication . Freitas, Joana Gaspar de; Dias, João Alveirinho; Instituto de Estudos de Literatura e Tradição (IELT - NOVA FCSH); White Horse Press
The village of Furadouro, on the north-western coast of Portugal, is emblematic of current problems of coastal management. The purpose of this article is to analyse the interaction between human communities and the coast in Furadouro, in order to understand how practices and arrangements have contributed to potentiate coastal erosion effects in the last century. The conceptual tools of 'socio-natural sites'; 'co-evolution'; and 'socio-natural sites as nexus of practices and arrangements' guide this investigation. The methodology adopted is socio-ecological long-term research. Data used comes mainly from primary historical sources (church registers, minutes of local authorities' meetings and newspapers) and secondary literature (local writers and monographs). Historical information was cross-referenced with geomorphological data to allow for a more global approach to the coastal erosion phenomenon. The analysis of the evolution of Furadouro shows that human activities determined the increase of coastal erosion problems, not only by contributing to the decrease of sand on the beach, but also by destroying its natural protection structures – the dunes. The reconstruction of past coastal landscapes and human intervention gives us a better understanding of the complex and intertwined history of this socio-ecological site, also offering a model of analysis and interpretation that can be applied to other cases around the world.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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SFRH
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SFRH/BPD/70384/2010