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Short-Term Biochemical Biomarkers of Stress in the Oyster Magallana angulata Exposed to Gymnodinium catenatum and Skeletonema marinoi
Publication . Cereja, Rui; Cruz, Joana P. C.; Heumüller, Joshua; Vicente, Bernardo; Amorim, Ana; Carvalho, Frederico; Cabral, Sara; Chainho, Paula; Brito, Ana C.; Ferreira, Inês J.; Diniz, Mário; DQ - Departamento de Química; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit; LAQV@REQUIMTE; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Bivalves accumulate toxins produced by microalgae, thus becoming harmful for humans. However, little information is available about their toxicity to the bivalve itself. In the present work, the physiological stress and damage after the ingestion of toxic dinoflagellate species (Gymnodinium catenatum) and a diatom species (Skeletonema marinoi, which is non-toxic to humans but may be to grazers) in the oyster Magallana angulata are evaluated against a control treatment fed with the chlorophyte Tetraselmis sp. Oysters were exposed for two hours to a concentration of 4 × 104 cells/L of G. catenatum and 2 × 107 cells/L of S. marinoi. The biomarkers superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-Transferase, total Ubiquitin (Ubi) and Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were assessed. The exposure of M. angulata to G. catenatum lead to a reduction in SOD and AchE activity and ubiquitin concentrations when compared to the control treatment. Moreover, it increased CAT activity in the adductor muscle, and maintained its activity in the other tissues tested. This may be related to the combination of reduced metabolism with the deployment of detoxification processes. S. marinoi also lead to a decrease in all biomarkers tested in the gills and digestive glands. Therefore, both species tested caused physiological alterations in M. angulata after two hours of exposure.
Participatory action research supporting adaptive governance of Manila clam fisheries
Publication . Correia, Maria João; Chainho, Paula; Goulding, Thomas; Carvalho, Frederico; Cabral, Sara; Ferreira, Filipa Gomes; Vasconcelos, Lia; MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente; Elsevier
This paper reports the outcomes of the engagement between researchers, harvesters and other relevant stakeholders using participatory approaches for the purpose of the sustainable management of Manila clam fisheries in Portugal. Collaborative meetings were held between 2018 and 2023 in several coastal systems, framed by participatory action research principles. The goal was to identify problems, collect and analyse biologic and social information, and to discuss and co-construct potential solutions for the management of Manila clam fisheries, addressing the social, economic, biological and ecological dimensions. Throughout the process, a deeper understanding of the challenges facing Manila clam management was acquired, which demonstrated that success varies from system to system and “one size fits all” approach is not viable. Stakeholder meetings resulted in a functional network linking local and national actors. This collaboration influenced national and local regulatory measures, though formal mechanisms for sustaining the network were not achieved. The establishment of local organisations enabled consensus at the local level that shaped governance outcomes; regions with organized associations (Ria de Aveiro and Óbidos lagoon), achieved more effective management solutions compared to less cohesive communities (Tagus and Sado estuary). Participant perception assessments demonstrated that although they have an overall positive attitude towards the collaborative process, they are not certain about its potential to improve management. The Manila clam illegal fishing is perceived as a critical issue that undermines management solutions, that needs dedicated efforts and higher political support. This study highlights the importance of trust, social cohesion, and government support in building effective resource management systems.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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2020.06325.BD