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Perspectiva de gênero no discurso dos tribunais e a efetividade dos direitos humanos das mulheres
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O julgamento com perspectiva de gênero é uma demanda social que reflete a necessidade de criação de mecanismos no Poder Judiciário em busca da efetivação da igualdade de gênero, não sem esquecer dos diversos marcadores sociais que se acrescem em um contexto intersecional. A investigação realizou uma revisão da literatura combinada com o estudo de casos recentes de manifestações orais e escritas de magistrados em suas atuações jurisdicionais, no Brasil, em que o discurso judicial foi analisado como potencial legitimador da reprodução de dinâmicas sociais opressoras contra as mulheres, em especial das mães. Os objetivos foram: analisar a identificar discursos institucionais judiciais desalinhadas com a perspectiva de gênero, trazer o contexto sociológico das mães, através do estudo do feminismo matricêntrico, discutir os aspectos jurídicos legitimadores da perspectiva de gênero, analisar o protocolo brasileiro para julgamento com perspectiva de gênero, como ferramenta legítima para nortear uma atuação na atividade jurisdicional atenta à efetividade dos direitos humanos das mulheres, identificando os aspectos comuns com as normas internacionais, extrair dos casos estudados situações que colaboram com a continuidade de estereótipos de gênero que impossibilitam ou atrapalham a ocupação de espaços públicos e não domésticos pelas mães. Utilizou-se a análise documental (estudos de decisões judiciais de órgãos brasileiros e manifestações de magistrados) para detetar a falta da perspectiva de gênero. Foi realizada a revisão da literatura nas áreas jurídica, sociológica e historiográfica para investigar o letramento de agentes atuantes na atividade jurisdicional. Considerando o direito como instrumento de transformação social e a possibilidade de uma atuação emancipatória, em consonância com o princípio da separação dos poderes, da imparcialidade do juiz, da igualdade, concluímos que a desigualdade de gênero é um problema estrutural e complexo e tem consequências negativas na atividade jurisdicional quando os agentes públicos não atuam com a lente da perspectiva de gênero. Em especial, os estereótipos relacionados à atividade materna, são replicados como forma de tolher a ocupação de espaços públicos pelas mães, como a atividade laboral, colaborando assim, com a feminização da pobreza. Por outro lado, a perspectiva de gênero, possibilita que as mães tenham no Poder Judiciário uma ferramenta de efetivação dos seus direitos humanos, e uma maior possibilidade de construção de meios que permitam a livre escolha na conjugação das atividades como mãe, mulher e profissional, sem prejuízo de seu sustento e no melhor interesse da infância.
Judgment with a gender perspective is a social demand that reflects the need to create mechanisms in the Judiciary in search of achieving gender equality, not without forgetting the various social markers that are added in an intersectional context. The investigation carried out a literature review combined with the study of recent cases of oral and written manifestations of magistrates in their jurisdictional activities in Brazil, in which judicial discourse was analyzed as a potential legitimizer of the reproduction of oppressive social dynamics against women, in especially for mothers. The objectives were: to analyze and identify judicial institutional discourses misaligned with the gender perspective, to bring the sociological context of mothers, through the study of matricentric feminism, to discuss the legal aspects that legitimize the gender perspective, to analyze the Brazilian protocol for judgment with a perspective of gender, as a legitimate tool to guide action in judicial activity attentive to the effectiveness of women's human rights, identifying common aspects with international standards, extracting from the cases studied situations that contribute to the continuity of gender stereotypes that make the occupation impossible or hinder of public and non-domestic spaces by mothers. Documentary analysis was used (studies of judicial decisions by Brazilian bodies and statements by magistrates) to detect the lack of a gender perspective. A literature review was carried out in the legal, sociological and historiographical areas to investigate the literacy of agents working in jurisdictional activity. Considering the law as an instrument of social transformation and the possibility of emancipatory action, in line with the principle of separation of powers, impartiality of the judge, equality, we conclude that gender inequality is a structural and complex problem and has negative consequences in judicial activity when public agents do not act from a gender perspective. In particular, stereotypes related to maternal activity are replicated as a way of hindering mothers from occupying public spaces, such as work, thus contributing to the feminization of poverty. On the other hand, the gender perspective allows mothers to have in the Judiciary a tool for realizing their human rights, and a greater possibility of building means that allow free choice in the combination of activities as mother, woman and professional, without prejudice to their livelihood and in the best interests of the child.
Judgment with a gender perspective is a social demand that reflects the need to create mechanisms in the Judiciary in search of achieving gender equality, not without forgetting the various social markers that are added in an intersectional context. The investigation carried out a literature review combined with the study of recent cases of oral and written manifestations of magistrates in their jurisdictional activities in Brazil, in which judicial discourse was analyzed as a potential legitimizer of the reproduction of oppressive social dynamics against women, in especially for mothers. The objectives were: to analyze and identify judicial institutional discourses misaligned with the gender perspective, to bring the sociological context of mothers, through the study of matricentric feminism, to discuss the legal aspects that legitimize the gender perspective, to analyze the Brazilian protocol for judgment with a perspective of gender, as a legitimate tool to guide action in judicial activity attentive to the effectiveness of women's human rights, identifying common aspects with international standards, extracting from the cases studied situations that contribute to the continuity of gender stereotypes that make the occupation impossible or hinder of public and non-domestic spaces by mothers. Documentary analysis was used (studies of judicial decisions by Brazilian bodies and statements by magistrates) to detect the lack of a gender perspective. A literature review was carried out in the legal, sociological and historiographical areas to investigate the literacy of agents working in jurisdictional activity. Considering the law as an instrument of social transformation and the possibility of emancipatory action, in line with the principle of separation of powers, impartiality of the judge, equality, we conclude that gender inequality is a structural and complex problem and has negative consequences in judicial activity when public agents do not act from a gender perspective. In particular, stereotypes related to maternal activity are replicated as a way of hindering mothers from occupying public spaces, such as work, thus contributing to the feminization of poverty. On the other hand, the gender perspective allows mothers to have in the Judiciary a tool for realizing their human rights, and a greater possibility of building means that allow free choice in the combination of activities as mother, woman and professional, without prejudice to their livelihood and in the best interests of the child.
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Palavras-chave
Julgamento Género Direitos humanos Mulheres Discurso Judgment Gender Human rights Women Speech