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HIV-1 subtype diversity and phylogenetic insight into non-B subtype transmission in Slovenia, 1989-2013
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Resumo(s)
Introduction: Disease progression, drug resistance mutations, and treatment strategies may vary by HIV-1 subtype. This study determined HIV-1 subtypes circulating in Slovenia, a Central European country with an HIV-1 epidemic driven by men who have sex with men, focusing on molecular epidemiology of non-B subtypes. Methods: A total of 367 HIV-1 sequences were included. Subtype was assigned by employing eight different HIV subtyping tools coupled with maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses. Results: The subtyping tools COMET, jpHMM, and REGA 3.0 exhibited the best performance on the dataset studied. Phylogenetic analyses showed a 14.7% prevalence of non-B subtypes, with subtype A detected most frequently (4.9%), followed by CRF02_AG (2.4%), subtype C (1.1%), subtypes D, G, and CRF01_AE (0.8% each), and subtypes F and CRF22_01A1 (0.3% each). A subtype could not be assigned to 12 sequences (3.3%), indicating potential unique recombinant forms. Non-B subtypes were significantly associated with a heterosexual route of transmission and infection acquired in Eastern Europe, Africa, or Asia. Conclusions: In a country where subtype B is predominant, non-B subtypes were observed in one out of seven patients, a non-negligible proportion, which underlines the importance of systematic surveillance of HIV subtype diversity and the corresponding molecular epidemiology.
Descrição
Funding Information: The research leading to these results received funding from the Slovenian Research Agency [grant number P3-0083] and Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, Slovene Medical Society. All rights reserved.
Palavras-chave
Central Europe HIV-1 molecular epidemiology non-B subtype phylogeny subtyping QR Microbiology QR355 Virology RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine Infectious Diseases Virology General Immunology and Microbiology Epidemiology SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being