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O projeto da Graciosa: construção e desconstrução de um sonho expansionista de D. João II no Norte de África
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No reinado de D. João II foi projetado um ambicioso plano expansionista no Norte de África, que acabou por se materializar, em 1489, na construção de uma fortaleza na ilha da Graciosa, no curso do rio de Lucos. Para esse efeito, na primeira metade do ano foram preparadas e enviadas duas armadas que visavam a edificação da estrutura militar. No entanto, foram vários os problemas que surgiram e que puseram em causa o projeto da Graciosa, destacando-se o levantamento de um grande exército por parte de Mulei Xeque, sultão de Fez, e o cerco imposto à posição portuguesa. Por sua vez, para descercar a posição portuguesa na Graciosa, D. João II procedeu ao envio de mais homens, barcos e armas, mas sem grande resultado visto que o cerco não foi quebrado. O impasse no conflito, que agudizou o desgaste sentido quer por muçulmanos quer por cristãos, levou a que se firmasse um acordo de tréguas entre ambos. Nesse acordo foram renovadas as matrizes do que havia sido decidido nas pazes de 1471, entre D. Afonso V e o sultão de Fez. Ainda que não tenha perseverado, o episódio da Graciosa constitui um importante marco no projeto expansionista de D. João II no Norte de África. Através da análise exaustiva de fontes e bibliografia procede-se ao estudo do muitas vezes negligenciado episódio da Graciosa, o que permite o seu enquadramento e a sua reconstituição, havendo ainda lugar para a reflexão acerca das consequências do mesmo, tanto a curto como a longo prazo, para a presença portuguesa em Marrocos.
During the reign of D. João II an ambitious expansionist project was designed in North Africa. In 1489 it was accomplished with the building of a fortress at Graciosa island, in the downstream of the river Lucos. Therefore, during the first half of the year two armadas were drafted and shipped to build the military structure. However, a series of unexpected events jeopardized the Graciosa project, among them the gathering of a large army by the Mulei Sheikh, sultan of Fez, and the siege imposed on the Portuguese stronghold. Meanwhile, to reduce the Portuguese stronghold in Graciosa, D. João II sent more troops, boats and weapons, although without much success, since the siege was not broken. Because of the ongoing conflict, which worsened the wear and tear felt by both Muslims and Christians, a truce agreement was signed between the two. Within the same agreement, the terms of the peace agreement of 1471 between Afonso V and the Sultan of Fez were renewed. Notwithstanding the fact that it was not persevered, the Graciosa episode is a major milestone within the expansionist project of D. João II in North Africa. Through an extensive analysis of different sources and bibliographic material, the often underestimated episode of Graciosa continues to be studied, thus providing a historical framework and historical reconstitution, as well as an opportunity to ponder on its consequences, both in the short and long term, concerning the Portuguese occupation in Morocco.
During the reign of D. João II an ambitious expansionist project was designed in North Africa. In 1489 it was accomplished with the building of a fortress at Graciosa island, in the downstream of the river Lucos. Therefore, during the first half of the year two armadas were drafted and shipped to build the military structure. However, a series of unexpected events jeopardized the Graciosa project, among them the gathering of a large army by the Mulei Sheikh, sultan of Fez, and the siege imposed on the Portuguese stronghold. Meanwhile, to reduce the Portuguese stronghold in Graciosa, D. João II sent more troops, boats and weapons, although without much success, since the siege was not broken. Because of the ongoing conflict, which worsened the wear and tear felt by both Muslims and Christians, a truce agreement was signed between the two. Within the same agreement, the terms of the peace agreement of 1471 between Afonso V and the Sultan of Fez were renewed. Notwithstanding the fact that it was not persevered, the Graciosa episode is a major milestone within the expansionist project of D. João II in North Africa. Through an extensive analysis of different sources and bibliographic material, the often underestimated episode of Graciosa continues to be studied, thus providing a historical framework and historical reconstitution, as well as an opportunity to ponder on its consequences, both in the short and long term, concerning the Portuguese occupation in Morocco.
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Graciosa D. João II Norte de África História militar Expansão Portuguesa Guerra Portuguese Overseas Expansion War North Africa Graciosa Island