O tráfico de drogas e o direito constitucional à segurança no Brasil

Abstract

This paper seeks to analyze the peculiarities of drug trafficking in Brazil, as well as to assess the main routes and the difficulties faced by the security forces. The situation of drugs in the world is contextualized, especially the markets for cocaine and cannabis, focusing on the problem of drugs in Brazil and on the assessment of the question of whether drug trafficking and consumption harm the exercise of the constitutional right to safety. The aspects of trafficking carried out by air and sea were analyzed; the crisis in the prison system; the importance of preventing and combating money laundering; as well as the existing instruments for legal cooperation in criminal matters. although Brazil is not a producer of cocaine, it faces problems of crime involving drugs, since, in addition to being located at a strategic point, it serves as a transit zone for drugs in order for them to reach more attractive markets. The present thesis also addresses the concept of security from two constitutional perspectives: firstly, as a fundamental right of protection and defense against attacks by public authorities and third parties; secondly, security is defined as a citizen's social right, referring to public security activities exercised by the bodies referred to in article 144 of the Federal Constitution. We have tried to explore these perspectives, and demonstrate how public security has been treated in the Brazilian constitutional perspective; its purposes; the bodies responsible for its implementation and their respective competences. We have also emphasized the State's obligation to adopt all public policies necessary to guarantee the right to security, a constitutional prerogative that cannot be unavailable to the citizen. Although not being part of the public security bodies provided for in the constitutional text, the forms of collaboration of municipal guards, the National Public Security Force, the Public Prosecutor's Office and the Armed Forces in the public security activity have also been highlighted.

A presente tese também aborda o conceito de segurança sobre duas perspectivas constitucionais: na primeira, como um direito fundamental de proteção e defesa contra as investidas do poder público e de terceiros; na segunda, a segurança é definida como um direito social do cidadão, se referindo as atividades de segurança pública exercida pelos órgãos referidos no artigo 144 da Constituição Federal. Procurou-se explorar essas perspectivas, e se demonstrar como foi tratada a segurança pública na perspectiva constitucional brasileira; as suas finalidades; os órgãos responsáveis por sua implementação e respectivas competências. Enfatizou-se a obrigação de o Estado em adotar todas as políticas públicas necessárias para a garantia do direito à segurança, esta prerrogativa constitucional indisponível do cidadão. Embora não façam parte dos órgãos de segurança pública previstos no texto constitucional, destacaram-se as formas de colaboração das guardas municipais, da Força Nacional de Segurança Pública, do Ministério Público e das Forças Armadas, na atividade de segurança pública.