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A heterotopia do corpo : do Homem Elefante ao Freak Neovitoriano
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Joseph Merrick (1862-1890), o Homem Elefante, é mitificado pelo médico Frederick
Treves nas suas memórias The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences (1923).
Enquando freak, Joseph Merrick ilustra bem a relação entre corpos normativos e corpos
disruptivos, assim como a fronteira ténue entre a esfera científica e a esfera popular.
Para compreender o freak show vitoriano é essencial ter em conta que o conceito de
normal é uma construção forjada pelo século XIX e define o que é humano ou animal,
civilizado ou primitivo, belo ou grotesco. A definição e prescrição do normal acontece
no acto de observação dos corpos extraordinários, o que continua a ocorrer actualmente,
quer em obras neovitorianas, quer na televisão do século XXI. A definição do Eu pelo
Outro, sendo o Outro radicalmente diferente e simultaneamente igual, constitui a ideia
de heterotopia, descrita por Michel Foucault, e neste caso particular, aplicada ao corpo.
Joseph Merrick (1862-1890), the Elephant Man, is constructed by doctor Frederick Treves in his memoirs The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences (1923). As a freak, Joseph Merrick illustrates the relationship between normative and disruptive body and the fluid line between medical and popular sphere. For a productive analysis of the Victorian freak show, it is crucial to perceive the concept of normalcy (particularly applied to the body) as a constructed one, forged by the 19th century, as it defines the boundaries of what is human or animal, civilized or primitive, beautiful or grotesque. The definition and prescription of normalcy take place in the act of staring at extraordinary bodies, which keeps happening nowadays throughout neo-Victorian texts and 21st century television. The definition of the Self by the Other, being the Other extremely different and simultaneously very much alike, constitutes what Michel Foucault describes as a heterotopia, in this particular case, applied to the human body.
Joseph Merrick (1862-1890), the Elephant Man, is constructed by doctor Frederick Treves in his memoirs The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences (1923). As a freak, Joseph Merrick illustrates the relationship between normative and disruptive body and the fluid line between medical and popular sphere. For a productive analysis of the Victorian freak show, it is crucial to perceive the concept of normalcy (particularly applied to the body) as a constructed one, forged by the 19th century, as it defines the boundaries of what is human or animal, civilized or primitive, beautiful or grotesque. The definition and prescription of normalcy take place in the act of staring at extraordinary bodies, which keeps happening nowadays throughout neo-Victorian texts and 21st century television. The definition of the Self by the Other, being the Other extremely different and simultaneously very much alike, constitutes what Michel Foucault describes as a heterotopia, in this particular case, applied to the human body.
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Palavras-chave
Corpo Freak Estudos da deficiência Televisão Cultura popular Neovitorianismo Heterotopia Body Freak Disability studies Televison Popular culture Neo-Victorianism Heterotopia