Prevalence and risk factors of chronic cough in an adult community-dwelling Portuguese population

Abstract

Background Chronic cough is associated with high individual and social costs, mainly due to doctor visits and diagnostic investigations. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of chronic cough and identify risk factors associated with chronic cough in a community-based sample in the scope of the EpiCOUGH study. Methods From 1 June to 31 August 2023, we recruited adults from the largest primary healthcare centres in Lisbon, Portugal, and invited them to participate in an online survey. Participants aged ⩾20 years with a registered email address were eligible. Data collection included a health questionnaire that recorded the presence, duration, frequency and impact of cough on daily activities. Chronic cough was defined as lasting longer than 8 weeks. Results Of the 7285 adult healthcare users who agreed to participate, 2309 (31.7%) completed the questionnaire. Most were female (59.2%) and the mean±SD age was 51.6±13.5 years. The estimated prevalence of chronic cough was 7.23% (95% CI 6.24–8.36%). Chronic cough was associated with older age, being divorced/widowed, current smoking, obesity, asthma, working in a dusty environment and pet ownership. No cause was diagnosed in 23.36% of patients who consulted a doctor. Conclusion Chronic cough was relatively common in the population studied. Our data emphasise the need to treat patients with chronic cough with strategies that address risk factors. This study also highlights the complexity of chronic cough management and the need for further research and diagnostic tools to improve patient outcomes.