A carregar...
Publicação
O Pós-25 de Abril no Arquipélago da Madeira e a sua Influência na Política Regional
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25.94 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo analisar o período de transição democrática do pós-25 de Abril, no Arquipélago da Madeira, de forma a clarificar a influência que estes anos de instabilidade política tiveram na dinâmica social e política regional, focando-se particularmente no sistema político e nas suas alterações neste período de transição, no impacto dos movimentos separatistas e, ainda, nos poderes
políticos e sociais que interferiram nos resultados das Eleições Regionais de 1976. Por forma a atingir estes objetivos, foi feita uma abordagem da história política da região, visando realizar um enquadramento histórico regional e nacional, onde foi dada particular importância aos movimentos regionais de oposição ao regime, assim como às diversas revoltas populares que ocorreram no Arquipélago da Madeira. É também apresentada uma descrição do sistema político regional e das suas diversas alterações desde a Revolução dos Cravos até a nomeação do primeiro Governo Regional, com enfoque na particular importância de Carlos Azeredo, que teve a sobreposição do poder de Governador Civil e Militar durante grande parte deste período e cuja visão
política era tendencialmente direcionada à direita, impactando assim a vida política regional nesta época.
Devido ao seu impacto na sociedade regional, é também caracterizada a dinâmica desempenhada pela Igreja Católica, com especial enfoque no Bispo D. Francisco Santana, que utilizava o facto da sociedade madeirense ser muito conservadora e religiosa para influenciar o povo com as suas ideologias, abertamente, de oposição à
esquerda. Por fim, são também retratados os diversos movimentos políticos que surgiram com a liberdade política conquistada pelo processo de transição democrática. É dado particular destaque aos movimentos separatistas, em particular à Frente de Libertação do Arquipélago da Madeira (FLAMA), devido à opressão que exerceram sobre os movimentos de esquerda e os seus elementos, assim como o clima de instabilidade e
insegurança que criaram na região. Assim, podemos concluir que todos estes fatores exerceram uma influência nos resultados das Eleições Regionais que ocorreram a 27 de junho de 1976 e que concederam uma expressiva maioria do Partido Social Democrata (PSD) e uma reduzida representatividade aos partidos políticos de esquerda, que na sua totalidade obtiveram menos de 30% dos votos. Adicionalmente, é também pertinente salientar que, considerando a relevância da consagração da Autonomia Regional para a sociedade madeirense, a ausência de uma comunicação ativa e uma defesa assertiva da sua implementação e extensão por parte dos vários movimentos de esquerda se revelou de particular preponderância nos seus
resultados desfavoráveis. Desta forma, é possível inferir que todas as dinâmicas descritas ao longo deste trabalho contribuíram, de diferentes formas, para o sistema político e social vivido no Arquipélago da Madeira, não só à data, mas também na atualidade.
The main purpose of this dissertation is to analyse the post-25 April period of democratic transition in the Madeira Archipelago, in order to clarify the influence that these years of political instability had on the social and political dynamics of the region, focusing particularly on the political system and its changes during this period, the impact of the separatist movements and the political and social powers that interfered in the results of the Regional Elections of 1976. In order to accomplish these objectives, the political history of the region was discussed, with the aim of providing a regional and national historical context, giving particular importance to the regional movements opposing the regime, as well as the various popular uprisings that took place in the Madeira Archipelago. It is also presented a description of the regional political system and its various changes from the military coup of 25 April to the appointment of the first Regional Government, with a particular focus on the importance of Carlos Azeredo, who had the overlapping power of Civil and Military Governor for a large part of this period and whose political views tended towards the right, thus impacting on regional political life at this time. Due to its impact on regional society, the dynamic played by the Catholic Church is also characterised, with a special emphasis on Bishop Francisco Santana, who used the fact that Madeira's society was very conservative and religious to influence the people with his openly anti-communist ideologies. Finally, the various political movements that emerged with the political freedom won by the democratic transition process are also portrayed. Emphasis is placed on the separatist movements, in particular the Frente de Libertação do Arquipélago da Madeira (FLAMA), due to the oppression they inflicted on left-wing movements and their elements, as well as the climate of instability and insecurity they created in the region. Therefore, we can conclude that all these factors had an influence on the results of the Regional Elections that took place on June 27th of 1976, which granted a significant majority to the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and a reduced representation to the leftwing political parties, which in their totality obtained less than 30% of the votes. In addition, it is also relevant to highlight that, considering the importance of the establishment of Regional Autonomy for Madeira's society, the lack of active communication and assertive defence of its implementation and expansion by the various left-wing movements proved to be particularly significant in its unsatisfactory results. In this way, it is possible to infer that all the dynamics described throughout this work contributed, in different ways, to the political and social system experienced in the Madeira Archipelago, not only at the time, but also in the present day.
The main purpose of this dissertation is to analyse the post-25 April period of democratic transition in the Madeira Archipelago, in order to clarify the influence that these years of political instability had on the social and political dynamics of the region, focusing particularly on the political system and its changes during this period, the impact of the separatist movements and the political and social powers that interfered in the results of the Regional Elections of 1976. In order to accomplish these objectives, the political history of the region was discussed, with the aim of providing a regional and national historical context, giving particular importance to the regional movements opposing the regime, as well as the various popular uprisings that took place in the Madeira Archipelago. It is also presented a description of the regional political system and its various changes from the military coup of 25 April to the appointment of the first Regional Government, with a particular focus on the importance of Carlos Azeredo, who had the overlapping power of Civil and Military Governor for a large part of this period and whose political views tended towards the right, thus impacting on regional political life at this time. Due to its impact on regional society, the dynamic played by the Catholic Church is also characterised, with a special emphasis on Bishop Francisco Santana, who used the fact that Madeira's society was very conservative and religious to influence the people with his openly anti-communist ideologies. Finally, the various political movements that emerged with the political freedom won by the democratic transition process are also portrayed. Emphasis is placed on the separatist movements, in particular the Frente de Libertação do Arquipélago da Madeira (FLAMA), due to the oppression they inflicted on left-wing movements and their elements, as well as the climate of instability and insecurity they created in the region. Therefore, we can conclude that all these factors had an influence on the results of the Regional Elections that took place on June 27th of 1976, which granted a significant majority to the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and a reduced representation to the leftwing political parties, which in their totality obtained less than 30% of the votes. In addition, it is also relevant to highlight that, considering the importance of the establishment of Regional Autonomy for Madeira's society, the lack of active communication and assertive defence of its implementation and expansion by the various left-wing movements proved to be particularly significant in its unsatisfactory results. In this way, it is possible to infer that all the dynamics described throughout this work contributed, in different ways, to the political and social system experienced in the Madeira Archipelago, not only at the time, but also in the present day.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Arquipélago da Madeira FLAMA Região Autónoma da Madeira Autonomia regional 25 de Abril Partidos regionais Movimentos separatistas Política regional Madeira Archipelago Autonomous Region of Madeira Regional autonomy April 25th Regional parties Separatist movements Regional politics