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Laser-induced graphene from paper for non-enzymatic uric acid electrochemical sensing in urine
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Resumo(s)
Laser-induced graphene from paper (paper-LIG) was applied in non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of uric acid (UA) in human urine. Paper-LIG was formed by CO2 laser modification of paper into a 3D graphene arrangement. Kinetic analysis of paper-LIG electrodes returned effective heterogeneous electron transfer standard rate constants of 1.4 × 10−3 cm s−1 and 7.8 × 10−4 cm s−1 for [Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+ and [Fe(CN)6]4−/3− redox probes, respectively. These electrodes were able to detect and quantify uric acid in PBS within the 10–300 μM range at pH between 5.6 and 7.4. At pH 7.4, a linear response (R2 = 0.999) from 10 to 250 μM was achieved, with a limit of detection of 3.97 μM and a sensitivity of 0.363 μA cm−2 μM−1. Paper-LIG electrodes denoted adequate selectivity in synthetic urine as well as in ascorbic acid (AA) and dopamine (DA)-containing electrolytes. Determination of urinary UA content in human samples returned a concentration of c.a. 1.8–1.9 mM, within the range for healthy individuals. Recoveries of samples spiked with 50 and 100 μM UA were 100.6% and 95.4%, respectively, with satisfactory reproducibility and stability. These cheap, lightweight, flexible, and eco-friendly paper-LIG biosensors for non-enzymatic quantification of UA in human urine pave the way to widespread application in the detection of other important biomarkers.
Descrição
This work was developed within the scope of project i3N (LA/P/0037/2020.
I.P. N. F. Santos thanks i3N for the BPD Grant BPD/UI96/5177/2020.
S. O. Pereira thanks i3N for the BPD Grant BPD/UI96/5808/2017.
The authors also thank Jonas Deuermeier for the XPS measurements.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Palavras-chave
Electrochemical biosensors Flexible electronics Graphene Human urine Paper-LIG Uric acid General Chemistry General Materials Science SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being SDG 13 - Climate Action