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Arte, museus e memórias marítimas. Identidade e representação visual da Nazaré
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A presente tese tem o desígnio de analisar o contributo da arte, nomeadamente das
artes visuais, na produção imagética sobre o mar e as comunidades marítimas
tradicionais, bem como a sua apresentação em contexto museológico, selecionando o
caso paradigmático da Nazaré.
A representação da Nazaré “Terra de Pescadores” assumiu contornos de grande
visualidade, que ainda hoje fundamenta o sentimento de pertença da comunidade e a
sua comunicação com o Outro, no seio de reptos turísticos onde a modernidade se
entrecruza com memórias e tradições. Nesta construção visual, influíram múltiplos
artistas nacionais e estrangeiros, de várias linguagens, técnicas e quadrantes, que
responderam ao apelo emanado desta pequena vila piscatória a partir de finais do
século XIX, o que figurou um cenário particular na história da arte portuguesa, que era
merecedor de estudo. Revendo a tese de uma produção meramente descritiva ou
conexa aos valores oficiais da cultura popular e efabulação heroica do Estado Novo, este
estudo pretende efetuar o levantamento da criação artística inspirada no mar e na
Nazaré, entre o final do século XIX e os anos 1970, apontando ideias para a sua revisão
contemporânea. Visamos ainda discutir a legitimidade representacional dessas criações
artísticas, bem como os “usos” que delas foram feitos em prol de uma construção
imagética radicada em memórias marítimas.
Finalmente, encarando o mar como elemento essencial da identidade portuguesa, e no
domínio da sua ativação patrimonial e conservação memorial, intentamos identificar
práticas de valorização artística em museus marítimos, refletindo se aportam desígnios
mais pluralizadores das representações sobre as comunidades litorâneas, muito
marcadas pelo registo evocativo ou historicista. Desta abordagem final pretende-se
obter pretextos para refletir sobre o papel dos artistas na criação do Museu da Nazaré
(que assumiu o nome de Museu Dr. Joaquim Manso) e as potencialidades das artes
plásticas numa (re)programação do mesmo, onde estas estejam inseridas em
estratégias culturais e de revisão do entendimento tradicional do mar e da identidade
local, em articulação com a contemporaneidade.
The present thesis aims at analyzing the contribution of art, namely the visual arts, in the production of images about the sea and traditional maritime communities, as well as its presentation in the museological context, selecting the paradigmatic case of the Portuguese village of Nazaré. The representation of Nazaré “Land of Fishermen” is highly visual and still underlies the feeling of community belonging and its communication with the Other, amidst the current touristic challenges where modernity intertwines with memories and traditions. This visual construction was shaped by multiple national and foreign artists, of various languages, techniques and backgrounds, who responded to the strong appeal emanated from this small fishing village since the end of the 19th century, which outlined a particular context in the Portuguese art history, worthy of study. In a critical analysis of the thesis from a merely descriptive artistic point of view, or related to the official values of popular culture and heroic tales of the Portuguese dictatorial regime “Estado Novo”, this study proposes to set up a list of authors, themes and tendencies inspired by the sea and Nazaré, from the late 19th century until the 1970s, pointing out ideas for its contemporary review. We also aim at discussing the representational legitimacy of these artistic creations, as well as their “uses” in favor of an imagery based on maritime memories. Finally, considering the sea as a crucial element of the Portuguese identity, and in respect of heritage and memorial conservation, we intend to identify practices of artistic valorization in maritime museums, in order to reflect if they contribute to pluralize the stereotypical representations of traditional fishery groups. From this comparative approach we will be able to reflect on the role of the artists in the creation of the Nazaré Museum (named Dr. Joaquim Manso Museum) as well as to consider the importance of the visual arts in its reprogramming, repurposing them as cultural strategies, assisting in revising the traditional concept of the sea and Nazaré identity, in articulation with the contemporary challenges.
The present thesis aims at analyzing the contribution of art, namely the visual arts, in the production of images about the sea and traditional maritime communities, as well as its presentation in the museological context, selecting the paradigmatic case of the Portuguese village of Nazaré. The representation of Nazaré “Land of Fishermen” is highly visual and still underlies the feeling of community belonging and its communication with the Other, amidst the current touristic challenges where modernity intertwines with memories and traditions. This visual construction was shaped by multiple national and foreign artists, of various languages, techniques and backgrounds, who responded to the strong appeal emanated from this small fishing village since the end of the 19th century, which outlined a particular context in the Portuguese art history, worthy of study. In a critical analysis of the thesis from a merely descriptive artistic point of view, or related to the official values of popular culture and heroic tales of the Portuguese dictatorial regime “Estado Novo”, this study proposes to set up a list of authors, themes and tendencies inspired by the sea and Nazaré, from the late 19th century until the 1970s, pointing out ideas for its contemporary review. We also aim at discussing the representational legitimacy of these artistic creations, as well as their “uses” in favor of an imagery based on maritime memories. Finally, considering the sea as a crucial element of the Portuguese identity, and in respect of heritage and memorial conservation, we intend to identify practices of artistic valorization in maritime museums, in order to reflect if they contribute to pluralize the stereotypical representations of traditional fishery groups. From this comparative approach we will be able to reflect on the role of the artists in the creation of the Nazaré Museum (named Dr. Joaquim Manso Museum) as well as to consider the importance of the visual arts in its reprogramming, repurposing them as cultural strategies, assisting in revising the traditional concept of the sea and Nazaré identity, in articulation with the contemporary challenges.
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Nazaré Mar Culturas marítimas Identidade e memória Representação artística Museu Dr. Joaquim Manso Museus do mar Sea Maritime cultures Artistic representation Identity and memory Maritime museums