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Uma abordagem sobre as infâncias nas relações internacionais no contexto da guerra civil angolana (1992-2022)
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No presente trabalho de investigação debruça-se sobre a infância, e seu papel no contexto das relações internacionais; em especial, as crianças envolvidas em guerras civis, particularmente a de Angola. Iremos desenvolver sobre o conflito civil angolano, como as crianças eram tratadas durante o conflito, e onde podemos encontrar o lugar de fala das crianças nas Relações Internacionais contextualizando com a Sociologia da Infância. Em ambientes de conflitos armados, o tempo da infância é suspenso. E no pósconflito,
os processos de desmobilização, desarmamento e reintegração social de Ex crianças remanescentes de guerras civis têm-se mostrados pouco efetivos. Poderemos dar algumas ênfases de como foi esses processos e os impactos que trouxeram nas crianças, durante o nosso trabalho de investigação, traremos também a desenvoltura de conceitos como; a infância, a guerra, a geodemografia de angolana e sobre os impactos da guerra civil angolana. Metodologicamente, esta investigação baseou-se no método de pesquisa
essencialmente exploratória, pois contemplam os aspetos da revisão bibliográfica, descritivo-explicativa e de estudo de caso. O propósito central consistiu em mostrar a criança como agente ativo no contexto das relações internacionais. Nessa perspetiva, foram pesquisados artigos, teses, livros, disponíveis na literatura relativas áreas de SI e RI, bem como e também as resoluções e os relatórios de organismos como a ONU, UNESCO,
UNICEF, Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento, Banco Mundial e outros. Constatou-se que durante a guerra civil de Angola (1992-2002) e pós-conflito, o Estado vem envidando esforços em prol da proteção da criança, através da adoção e ratificação Convenção Internacional sobre os Direitos da Criança (CDC), Princípios de
Paris. Apesar de haver um espaço bastante amplo de atuação efetiva das relações internacionais baseada no Low Poliics, o que se assiste é o predomínio de abordagem focada em Estudos de Segurança Internacional no que cerne o tratamento da questão de crianças-soldado. As peculiaridades locais ou regionais relativas a cultura e legislação ou costumes influenciam fortemente na interpretação das resoluções, relativando o conceito da infância, e com impacto mais severo para os casos das meninas. Por fim, a precariedade dos dados coletados e registrados e associados a escassez os recursos financeiros e certa resistência da sociedade na aceitação dos remanescentes fazem com que as ações de ressocialização fiquem prejudicados.
This research work focuses on childhood and its role in the context of international relations; in particular, children involved in civil wars, particularly that in Angola. We will develop the Angolan civil conflict, how children were treated during the conflict, and where we can find the place of children's speech in International Relations, contextualizing it with the Sociology of Childhood. In environments of armed conflict, childhood time is suspended. And in the postconflict period, the processes of demobilization, disarmament and social reintegration of exchildren remaining from civil wars have proven to be ineffective. We will be able to give some emphasis on what these processes were like and the impacts they had on children, during our research work, we will also bring the resourcefulness of concepts such as; childhood, war, Angolan geodemography and the impacts of the Angolan civil war. Methodologically, this investigation was based on an essentially exploratory research method, as it includes aspects of bibliographic review, descriptive-explanatory and case study. The central purpose was to show the child as an active agent in the context of international relations. From this perspective, articles, theses, books available in the literature relating to the areas of IS and IR were researched, as well as resolutions and reports from organizations such as the UN, UNESCO, UNICEF, African Development Bank, World Bank and others. It was found that during the Angolan civil war (1992-2002) and post-conflict, the State has been making efforts to protect children, through the adoption and ratification of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child (CDC), Principles of Paris. Despite there being a very broad space for effective action in international relations based on Low Poliics, what we are witnessing is the predominance of an approach focused on International Security Studies when it comes to dealing with the issue of child soldiers. Local or regional peculiarities relating to culture and legislation or customs strongly influence the interpretation of resolutions, relating to the concept of childhood, and with a more severe impact in the cases of girls. Finally, the precariousness of the data collected and recorded and associated with the scarcity of financial resources and a certain resistance from society in accepting the remaining data mean that resocialization actions are hampered.
This research work focuses on childhood and its role in the context of international relations; in particular, children involved in civil wars, particularly that in Angola. We will develop the Angolan civil conflict, how children were treated during the conflict, and where we can find the place of children's speech in International Relations, contextualizing it with the Sociology of Childhood. In environments of armed conflict, childhood time is suspended. And in the postconflict period, the processes of demobilization, disarmament and social reintegration of exchildren remaining from civil wars have proven to be ineffective. We will be able to give some emphasis on what these processes were like and the impacts they had on children, during our research work, we will also bring the resourcefulness of concepts such as; childhood, war, Angolan geodemography and the impacts of the Angolan civil war. Methodologically, this investigation was based on an essentially exploratory research method, as it includes aspects of bibliographic review, descriptive-explanatory and case study. The central purpose was to show the child as an active agent in the context of international relations. From this perspective, articles, theses, books available in the literature relating to the areas of IS and IR were researched, as well as resolutions and reports from organizations such as the UN, UNESCO, UNICEF, African Development Bank, World Bank and others. It was found that during the Angolan civil war (1992-2002) and post-conflict, the State has been making efforts to protect children, through the adoption and ratification of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child (CDC), Principles of Paris. Despite there being a very broad space for effective action in international relations based on Low Poliics, what we are witnessing is the predominance of an approach focused on International Security Studies when it comes to dealing with the issue of child soldiers. Local or regional peculiarities relating to culture and legislation or customs strongly influence the interpretation of resolutions, relating to the concept of childhood, and with a more severe impact in the cases of girls. Finally, the precariousness of the data collected and recorded and associated with the scarcity of financial resources and a certain resistance from society in accepting the remaining data mean that resocialization actions are hampered.
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Infância Conflitos armados Crianças-Soldados Guerra Civil Angola Relações Internacionais Childhood Armed conflicts Child soldiers Civil war International Relations