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Representações de Macau e de Hong Kong na Literatura Infanto-Juvenil Portuguesa e Britânica na Transição do Século XX para o Século XXI
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As Regiões Administrativas Especiais (RAE) de Macau e de Hong Kong desempenharam um papel particular nas relações sino-portuguesas e sino-britânicas ao longo da história, sobretudo considerando os seus distintos e longos processos de transição, que conduziram às respectivas transferências de soberania política. Portugal e a Grã-Bretanha foram, efectivamente, as duas últimas nações europeias a abandonar os territórios que haviam ocupado no Leste Asiático, os handovers de 1997 (no caso de Hong Kong) e de 1999 (no caso de Macau) representando o fim oficial dos impérios português e britânico. Contudo, ao contrário dos processos de descolonização de outras ex-colónias sob domínio português e britânico, Macau e Hong Kong não se tornaram independentes após as respectivas transferências de soberania política. Em vez disso, foi-lhes conferido um estatuto de Região Administrativa Especial da China, que lhes permitiria manter-se num estado de relativa autonomia por um período adicional de cinquenta anos. A importância política, social e histórica do período de transição que precedeu as transferências de soberania de Macau e de Hong Kong também afectou o mercado editorial infanto-juvenil em língua portuguesa e inglesa, tendo surgido neste período diversas publicações destinadas a crianças e jovens, tanto de ficção como de não-ficção. A presente investigação procura compreender o modo como Macau e Hong Kong foram representadas na literatura infanto-juvenil, na transição do século XX para o XXI, à luz das respectivas transferências de soberania política e das preocupações políticas, sociais e culturais que estas precipitaram nos respectivos contextos. Mais especificamente, pretende analisar-se de que forma as relações entre Portugal e a Grã-Bretanha com a China se articulam na literatura infanto-juvenil, demonstrando como este tipo de obras projecta, questiona e constrói discursos orientalistas, auto-imagens nacionais e questões de culpa colonial, a partir de uma reflexão sobre a relação entre passado, presente e futuro.
The Special Administrative Regions (SARs) of Macau and Hong Kong have played a distinct role in Sino-Portuguese and Sino-British relations throughout history, particularly in light of their long and complex transition processes, which culminated in the respective political handovers. Portugal and Britain were the last two European nations to relinquish the territories they had occupied in East Asia, the handovers of 1997 (in the case of Hong Kong) and 1999 (in the case of Macau) marking the official end of the British and Portuguese empires. However, unlike other decolonisation processes involving former British and Portuguese colonies, neither Macau nor Hong Kong gained independence following their transfers of sovereignty. Instead, they were granted the status of Special Administrative Region of China, allowing them to remain in a state of relative autonomy for an additional fifty years. The political, social, and historical relevance of the transition period that preceded the handovers of Macau and Hong Kong also impacted the children’s publishing markets in both Portuguese and English, and a number of publications for young readers (both fictional and non-fictional) emerged during this time. This thesis seeks to examine how Macau and Hong Kong were represented in children’s literature at the turn of the twentieth to the twenty-first century, in light of the respective handovers and the political, social, and cultural concerns they inspired in each context. More specifically, it examines how the relationships between Portugal and Britain and China are articulated in children and young adult literature, revealing how this type of discourse projects, questions, and constructs orientalist imaginaries, national self-images, and issues of colonial guilt by reflecting on the relationship between past, present and future.
The Special Administrative Regions (SARs) of Macau and Hong Kong have played a distinct role in Sino-Portuguese and Sino-British relations throughout history, particularly in light of their long and complex transition processes, which culminated in the respective political handovers. Portugal and Britain were the last two European nations to relinquish the territories they had occupied in East Asia, the handovers of 1997 (in the case of Hong Kong) and 1999 (in the case of Macau) marking the official end of the British and Portuguese empires. However, unlike other decolonisation processes involving former British and Portuguese colonies, neither Macau nor Hong Kong gained independence following their transfers of sovereignty. Instead, they were granted the status of Special Administrative Region of China, allowing them to remain in a state of relative autonomy for an additional fifty years. The political, social, and historical relevance of the transition period that preceded the handovers of Macau and Hong Kong also impacted the children’s publishing markets in both Portuguese and English, and a number of publications for young readers (both fictional and non-fictional) emerged during this time. This thesis seeks to examine how Macau and Hong Kong were represented in children’s literature at the turn of the twentieth to the twenty-first century, in light of the respective handovers and the political, social, and cultural concerns they inspired in each context. More specifically, it examines how the relationships between Portugal and Britain and China are articulated in children and young adult literature, revealing how this type of discourse projects, questions, and constructs orientalist imaginaries, national self-images, and issues of colonial guilt by reflecting on the relationship between past, present and future.
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Palavras-chave
Macau e Hong Kong Estudos Pós-coloniais Estudos de Literatura Infantil Estudos Anglo-Portugueses Postcolonial Studies Children’s Literature Studies Anglo-Portuguese Studies