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Desenvolvimento de fibras têxteis provenientes de proteínas de soja
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As fibras de proteína de soja são uma alternativa sustentável no setor têxtil, permitindo a valorização de resíduos agroindustriais. Estas fibras apresentam resistência superior à lã, absorção de água semelhante ao algodão e suavidade comparável à caxemira, podendo ser combinadas com outras fibras.
Para produzir estas fibras, a proteína de soja é dissolvida e desnaturada sem degradação. Neste estudo, utilizou-se uma solução de ureia 8 M e 1 % sulfito de sódio a 80 °C para a dissolução da proteína a um teor de 20 % m/m, garantindo a quebra das interações moleculares sem comprometer o seu peso molecular, conforme evidenciado por análise de SDS-PAGE e FTIR-ATR. O comportamento reológico da solução foi estudado durante 48 horas, avaliando-se a viscosidade e tensão de corte a diferentes temperaturas. A viscosidade aumentou ao longo da maturação, o que evidenciou o desenvolvimento do processo de dissolução.
Na fiação por wet spinning, utilizou-se uma fieira de 150 μm, draw ratio máximo de 3,7 e um banho de coagulação com ácido cítrico, sulfato de sódio e sulfato de zinco. As fibras obtidas foram analisadas microscopicamente e mecanicamente, revelando alguma rigidez ao toque e fragilidade sob tensão. Este estudo validou um método eficaz de dissolução e propôs melhorias na formulação da solução, como a adição de glicerol, que garantiram melhores características sensoriais às fibras obtidas. Futuramente, o processo wet spinning será otimizado, começando pela adequação do tempo de maturação e do estudo de plasticizantes, para melhorar as propriedades mecânicas das fibras e adequá-las a aplicações na indústria têxtil.
Soy protein fibres are a sustainable alternative in the textile sector, enabling the valorization of agro-industrial waste. These fibres exhibit superior strength compared to wool, water absorption similar to cotton, and softness comparable to cashmere, making them suitable for blending with other fibres. To produce these fibres, soy protein is dissolved and denatured without degradation. In this study, an 8 M urea solution with 1% sodium sulfite at 80 °C was used to dissolve the protein at a concentration of 20% w/w, ensuring the disruption of molecular interactions without compromising its molecular weight, as evidenced by SDS-PAGE and FTIR-ATR analyses. The rheological behavior of the solution was studied over 48 hours, evaluating viscosity and shear stress at different temperatures. Viscosity increased during maturation, indicating the progression of the dissolution process. For wet spinning, a 150 μm spinneret, a maximum draw ratio of 3.7, and a coagulation bath containing citric acid, sodium sulfate, and zinc sulfate were used. The resulting fibres were analyzed microscopically and mechanically, revealing some stiffness to the touch and fragility under tension. This study validated an effective dissolution method and proposed improvements in solution formulation, such as the addition of glycerol, to enhance the sensory characteristics of the fibres. In the future, the wet spinning process will be optimized, beginning with the adjustment of maturation period and the investigation of plasticizers, to improve the mechanical properties of the fibres and adapt them for applications in the textile industry.
Soy protein fibres are a sustainable alternative in the textile sector, enabling the valorization of agro-industrial waste. These fibres exhibit superior strength compared to wool, water absorption similar to cotton, and softness comparable to cashmere, making them suitable for blending with other fibres. To produce these fibres, soy protein is dissolved and denatured without degradation. In this study, an 8 M urea solution with 1% sodium sulfite at 80 °C was used to dissolve the protein at a concentration of 20% w/w, ensuring the disruption of molecular interactions without compromising its molecular weight, as evidenced by SDS-PAGE and FTIR-ATR analyses. The rheological behavior of the solution was studied over 48 hours, evaluating viscosity and shear stress at different temperatures. Viscosity increased during maturation, indicating the progression of the dissolution process. For wet spinning, a 150 μm spinneret, a maximum draw ratio of 3.7, and a coagulation bath containing citric acid, sodium sulfate, and zinc sulfate were used. The resulting fibres were analyzed microscopically and mechanically, revealing some stiffness to the touch and fragility under tension. This study validated an effective dissolution method and proposed improvements in solution formulation, such as the addition of glycerol, to enhance the sensory characteristics of the fibres. In the future, the wet spinning process will be optimized, beginning with the adjustment of maturation period and the investigation of plasticizers, to improve the mechanical properties of the fibres and adapt them for applications in the textile industry.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
fibras de proteínas sustentável proteína de soja dissolução de proteínas wet spinning