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PRINTED ECO-MATERIALS FOR FLEXIBLE THERMOELECTRIC DEVICES

2023Tese de doutoramento Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia dos Materiaispt_PT
dc.contributor.advisorLoureiro, Joana
dc.contributor.advisorPereira, Luís
dc.contributor.authorFigueira, Joana Roumeliotis Sampaio
dc.date.accessioned2024-04-10T14:21:54Z
dc.date.available2024-04-10T14:21:54Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractThe Internet of Things is already a reality, driving the need for scientists to develop and integrate cost-effective, biocompatible, flexible, and lightweight solutions for universal connectivity, including sensing features. Additionally, sustainability emphasizes the importance of using eco-friendly materi-als and choosing energy-efficient production techniques. While often promoted as a green energy source, thermoelectric materials excel in temperature-sensitive applications, being capable of detecting thermal stimuli such as human touch. The combina-tion of sustainable Seebeck coefficient holding materials with printing methods enables scalable and affordable thermal sensors that may be flexible, lightweight and biocompatible, opening the door for wearable applications. This doctoral research focused on the development of printed thermoelectric sensors using graphite-based materials. Sustainability considerations guided the choice of substrates, solvents, and encapsulating materials. The results show that graphite flakes can be used as purchased, yielding pla-nar, vertical, and planar/vertical thermoelectric architectures, capable of containing multiple elements in series, which increases the signal output. The formulated cellulose-based inks can be printed directly onto untreated flexible substrates (paper and fabric). Sensors were also obtained using silicone elas-tomer-based composites, allowing for significant design flexibility and substrate absence. It was possi-ble to achieve touch sensors with fast response times (bellow 1 s) and to have a VON optimization surpassing 4.5 mV (when connecting multiple elements in series, in ~1.5 cm2) and high SNR values (above 300 for EC/GFlakes and up to 170 for PDMS/GFlakes). Regarding the planar sensors made with EC/GFlakes, the printed elements were evaluated and approved for flexible applications, with curvature radii down to 3.5 mm. At its core, this research addresses the urgent need for versatile and sustainable sensing solu-tions in the era of the 'Internet of Things', showcasing advancements in the field through innovative material applications and low-energy consumption production techniques.pt_PT
dc.description.abstractA "Internet of Things" tem promovido o desenvolvimento e integração de soluções económicas, biocompatíveis, flexíveis e leves que satisfazem as necessidades de conetividade universal, incluindo funcionalidades de sensorização. Adicionalmente, a sustentabilidade ambiental enfatiza a importância da escolha de materiais ecológicos e técnicas de produção energeticamente eficientes. Embora os ma-teriais termoelétricos sejam frequentemente promovidos como uma fonte de energia verde, também podem ser usados em aplicações sensíveis à temperatura, detetando e medindo pequenos estímulos térmicos, como o toque humano. A combinação de materiais termoelétricos sustentáveis com técnicas de impressão permite a produção escalável de sensores térmicos economicamente acessíveis, flexí-veis, leves e biocompatíveis, apropriados para aplicações "wearable". Este trabalho de doutoramento centrou-se na produção de sensores termoelétricos impressos à base de grafite. A sustentabilidade foi considerada na escolha de substratos, solventes e materiais encapsulantes. Os resultados mostraram que flocos de grafite podem ser usados conforme adquiridos, originando arquiteturas termoelétricas planares, verticais e planares/verticais, podendo conter vários elementos em série, o que permite um aumento do sinal de resposta dos sensores. As tintas formula-das à base de celulose podem ser impressas diretamente em substratos flexíveis não tratados (papel e tecido). Os sensores produzidos com compósitos à base de elastómero de silicone mostraram uma grande liberdade de geometrias e a possibilidade de ausência de substrato. Foram obtidos sensores com tempos de resposta rápidos (abaixo de 1 s), passíveis de alcançar uma otimização de VON superior a 4,5 mV (ao conectar vários elementos em série, em ~1.5 cm2) e altos valores de SNR (acima de 300 para EC/GFlakes e até 170 para PDMS/GFlakes). Os sensores planares feitos com tintas de EC/GFlakes foram testados e aprovados para aplicações flexíveis, com raios de curvatura de até 3.5 mm. Na sua essência, este trabalho abordou a necessidade premente de soluções de deteção versáteis e sustentáveis na era da "Internet of Things", apresentando inovações no desenvolvimento de materiais amigos do ambi-ente e uso de processos com baixo consumo energético.pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/166042
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.relationPTDC/CTMBIO/6178/2014pt_PT
dc.relationFlexible thermoelectric generator for wrist wear smart devices
dc.relationInstitute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication
dc.relationInstitute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication
dc.relationIdentification Smart Paper - IDS-Paper
dc.relationInstitute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication
dc.relationInstitute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication
dc.relationMicroelectromechanical Systems Research Unit
dc.relationMicroelectromechanical Systems Research Unit
dc.relationNew era of printed paper electronics based on advanced functional cellulose
dc.relationMaterials Synergy Integration for a Better Europe
dc.relationSYmbiosis for eNERGY harversting concepts for smart platforms on foils
dc.relationEmerging Printed Electronics Research Infrastructure (EMERGE)
dc.subjectThermoelectricpt_PT
dc.subjectPrinting Techniquespt_PT
dc.subjectFlexibilitypt_PT
dc.subjectLow-costpt_PT
dc.subjectSustainabilitypt_PT
dc.titlePRINTED ECO-MATERIALS FOR FLEXIBLE THERMOELECTRIC DEVICESpt_PT
dc.typedoctoral thesis
dspace.entity.typePublication
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oaire.awardTitleFlexible thermoelectric generator for wrist wear smart devices
oaire.awardTitleInstitute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication
oaire.awardTitleInstitute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication
oaire.awardTitleIdentification Smart Paper - IDS-Paper
oaire.awardTitleInstitute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication
oaire.awardTitleInstitute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication
oaire.awardTitleMicroelectromechanical Systems Research Unit
oaire.awardTitleMicroelectromechanical Systems Research Unit
oaire.awardTitleNew era of printed paper electronics based on advanced functional cellulose
oaire.awardTitleMaterials Synergy Integration for a Better Europe
oaire.awardTitleSYmbiosis for eNERGY harversting concepts for smart platforms on foils
oaire.awardTitleEmerging Printed Electronics Research Infrastructure (EMERGE)
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project.funder.nameEuropean Commission
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thesis.degree.nameDOCTORATE IN MATERIALS ENGINEERINGpt_PT

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FCT: DCM - Teses de Doutoramento