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Modelação, Diagnóstico e Análise de Integração de Energias Renováveis em Regime Permanente na Rede Elétrica de Santiago no Horizonte de Médio Prazo
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O objectivo desta dissertação é a modelação, diagnóstico, e avaliação da capacidade de
integração de energia renovável na rede elétrica da ilha de Santiago no arquipélago de
Cabo Verde. Para o efeito, foram desenvolvidos cenários operacionais que correspondem
a diferentes modos de integração de fontes de energia renovável e avaliados tendo em
consideração critérios de segurança de planeamento. Foi igualmente analisado o impacto
da ligação de uma nova linha de alta tensão que auxilia o transporte de energia entre
duas importantes subestações do sistema, no que concerne não só ao perfil de tensão como
à capacidade de integração de renováveis. Para o efeito foi desenvolvido um algoritmo
para o cálculo de capacidades de injeção nodais não simultâneas de forma a quantificar o
benefício da mesma no aumento da integração de renováveis na rede eléctrica de Santiago.
Foi possível concluir que houve um aumento no valor médio de potência de injecção
em cada barramento para todos os cenários, exceto quando o parque eólico e a central
solar fotovoltaica se encontram simultaneamente em funcionamento. A vantagem foi
mais expressiva nos cenários de utilização de apenas energia de origem térmica, e de
participação da central solar fotovoltaica, onde se verificaram aumentos no valor médio
de potência injetável de 9% e 3%, respetivamente. Foi também concluído que o principal
limitador das capacidades nodais atuais não é a infra-estrutura, mas sim a folga da rede
relativamente às necessidades energéticas, sendo que esta nova linha poderá ser útil para
as necessidades energéticas futuras do país.
The goals of this dissertation are the modelling, diagnostic and evaluation of the renewable energy integration in the electric grid of Santiago, an island in Cape Verde. To achieve these goals different operational scenarios were developed, relating to different ways in which renewable energy production is integrated in the energy mix, and evaluated considering all the safety criteria regarding the grid’s operation and planning. It was also analysed the impact that a new high voltage power line, which complements the connection between two important substations, has on the voltage profile and on the grid’s ability to integrate renewable energy. An algorithm was developed to calculate the non-simultaneous nodal power injection capacity, so that a quantification of the benefits of the line may be obtained, relatively to the increase of the grid’s renewable energy integration capability. It was possible to conclude that there was an increase on the average injection power value in the node of the grid for all the operational scenarios, except when both the solar plant and the wind farm are in the energy mix. The most significant advantage was when the energy came from thermal generators and when the solar plant was in the energy mix, in these cases it was detected respectively a 9% and a 3% increase in the average power value. It was also found that the main inhibitor to the power injection capacity is not the infrastructure, but the grid’s margin between the energy needs and the production, meaning that this new power line might be important when the energy needs of the country rise.
The goals of this dissertation are the modelling, diagnostic and evaluation of the renewable energy integration in the electric grid of Santiago, an island in Cape Verde. To achieve these goals different operational scenarios were developed, relating to different ways in which renewable energy production is integrated in the energy mix, and evaluated considering all the safety criteria regarding the grid’s operation and planning. It was also analysed the impact that a new high voltage power line, which complements the connection between two important substations, has on the voltage profile and on the grid’s ability to integrate renewable energy. An algorithm was developed to calculate the non-simultaneous nodal power injection capacity, so that a quantification of the benefits of the line may be obtained, relatively to the increase of the grid’s renewable energy integration capability. It was possible to conclude that there was an increase on the average injection power value in the node of the grid for all the operational scenarios, except when both the solar plant and the wind farm are in the energy mix. The most significant advantage was when the energy came from thermal generators and when the solar plant was in the energy mix, in these cases it was detected respectively a 9% and a 3% increase in the average power value. It was also found that the main inhibitor to the power injection capacity is not the infrastructure, but the grid’s margin between the energy needs and the production, meaning that this new power line might be important when the energy needs of the country rise.
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Palavras-chave
Energia renovável Capacidade nodal Cabo Verde