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Farmed and Wild Macroalgae as a Safe Source of Macro and Trace Elements

dc.contributor.authorChainho, Tomás
dc.contributor.authorCereja, Rui
dc.contributor.authorPereira, Alícia
dc.contributor.authorMarques, Vera
dc.contributor.authorSilva, João C.
dc.contributor.authorPessanha, Sofia
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Pedro Reis
dc.contributor.authorMarques, António
dc.contributor.institutionDF – Departamento de Física
dc.contributor.institutionFaculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT)
dc.contributor.institutionLIBPhys-UNL
dc.contributor.pblMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-03T15:09:01Z
dc.date.available2026-09-03T15:09:01Z
dc.date.issued2026-06
dc.descriptionPublisher Copyright: © 2026 by the authors.
dc.description.abstractThe increasing popularity of macroalgae products highlights their potential as a safe source of essential macro and microelements for consumers. This study characterized wild and farmed macroalgae elemental composition and assessed the presence of biotoxins to identify potential health risks. Wild and farmed macroalgae samples were collected throughout 2024–2025, from three aquaculture production sites along the Portuguese coast (Ria de Aveiro, Matosinhos, and Olhão). Samples were freeze-dried, compressed and using a micro-XRF spectrometer, elemental composition was assessed. Macroalgae species factor was the strongest driver of elemental composition, explaining over 80% variation in macro and trace elements. Origin did not showcase statistical significance for elemental composition. Seasonal differences, though relatively small in extent, significantly impacted redox-sensitive elements in macroalgae, namely copper and manganese. All elements stayed below 30% of the recommended dietary recommendations, except iron (ranging from 0.5% to 111.8% of UL%) and Mn (ranging from 0.1% to 101% of UL%). All samples revealed the absence of regulated marine toxins. Only traces of the non-regulated cyclic-imine toxin SPX1 were detected in samples of Fucus vesiculosus. All quantified elements do not represent any risk for human health, strengthening the safety of macroalgae from the Portuguese coast.en
dc.description.versionpublishersversion
dc.description.versionpublished
dc.format.extent1610980
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/biology15110820
dc.identifier.issn2079-7737
dc.identifier.otherPURE: 172456031
dc.identifier.otherPURE UUID: ba210660-362b-4f40-bf16-f7b3524c5720
dc.identifier.otherScopus: 105041500301
dc.identifier.otherWOS: 001790093500001
dc.identifier.otherPubMed: 42274469
dc.identifier.otherORCID: /0000-0002-6039-2494/work/225729497
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/206085
dc.identifier.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105041500301
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.subjectelemental profile
dc.subjectfood-safety
dc.subjectmarine biotoxins
dc.subjectseasonality
dc.subjectseaweeds
dc.subjectGeneral Biochemistry,Genetics and Molecular Biology
dc.subjectGeneral Immunology and Microbiology
dc.subjectGeneral Agricultural and Biological Sciences
dc.subjectSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
dc.subjectSDG 14 - Life Below Water
dc.titleFarmed and Wild Macroalgae as a Safe Source of Macro and Trace Elementsen
dc.typejournal article
degois.publication.issue11
degois.publication.titleBiology
degois.publication.volume15
dspace.entity.typePublication
rcaap.rightsopenAccess

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