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Serviços ecológicos e biodiversidade dos olivais tradicionais no Parque Natural das Serras de Aire e Candeeiros
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Resumo(s)
Os olivais tradicionais do Parque Natural das Serras de Aire e Candeeiros (PNSAC) encontram-se em regressão devido ao abandono agrícola e à substituição por outros tipos de uso
de solo, como urbanização, comprometendo a biodiversidade e a continuidade dos serviços
ecológicos. Compreender o papel destes sistemas e a influência da presença de habitats naturais associados é essencial para a gestão sustentável do território. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar olivais sem habitat associado à Rede Natura 2000 (SH), correspondentes a olivais tradicionais, com olivais com habitat associado (CH), que representam olivais sem perturbação humana, avaliando as espécies existentes e os serviços ecológicos que estes ecossistemas prestam. A metodologia combinou levantamentos de campo em 20 locais distintos,
identificação de flora e análise de parâmetros ecológicos, estruturais e espaciais através de
ferramentas SIG (ArcGIS Pro). Foram também considerados indicadores de armazenamento
de carbono e de perigo de incêndio. Os resultados mostram que os olivais tradicionais (SH)
desempenham um papel relevante na prevenção de incêndios e na preservação do património
cultural e paisagístico da região, refletindo práticas agrícolas sustentáveis e integração harmoniosa na paisagem. Por outro lado, os olivais CH revelam maior complexidade estrutural, bem
como uma capacidade superior de armazenamento de carbono. Conclui-se que ambos os tipos
de olival são complementares: enquanto os olivais tradicionais contribuem para a resiliência
socioecológica e cultural do PNSAC, os olivais com habitat associado reforçam o valor ecológico e funcional do território, justificando políticas de gestão integradas e diferenciadas.
Traditional olive groves in the Natural Park of the Serras de Aire e Candeeiros (PNSAC) are in decline due to agricultural abandonment and their replacement by other types of land use, such as urbanisation, which compromises biodiversity and the continuity of ecological services. Understanding the role of these systems and the influence of the presence of associ- ated natural habitats is essential for the sustainable management of the territory. This study aimed to compare olive groves without Natura 2000–associated habitat (SH), corresponding to traditional olive groves, with olive groves with associated habitat (CH), which represent olive groves without human disturbance, by assessing the existing species and the ecological services these ecosystems provide. The methodology combined field surveys in 20 different locations, flora identification, and the analysis of ecological, structural and spatial parameters through GIS tools (ArcGIS Pro). Indicators of carbon storage and fire risk were also considered. The results show that traditional olive groves (SH) play an important role in fire prevention and in preserving the cultural and landscape heritage of the region, reflecting sustainable ag- ricultural practices and harmonious integration into the landscape. On the other hand, CH olive groves show greater structural complexity as well as a higher carbon storage capacity. It is concluded that both types of olive grove are complementary: while traditional olive groves contribute to the socio-ecological and cultural resilience of the PNSAC, olive groves with as- sociated habitat strengthen the ecological and functional value of the territory, justifying inte- grated and differentiated management policies.
Traditional olive groves in the Natural Park of the Serras de Aire e Candeeiros (PNSAC) are in decline due to agricultural abandonment and their replacement by other types of land use, such as urbanisation, which compromises biodiversity and the continuity of ecological services. Understanding the role of these systems and the influence of the presence of associ- ated natural habitats is essential for the sustainable management of the territory. This study aimed to compare olive groves without Natura 2000–associated habitat (SH), corresponding to traditional olive groves, with olive groves with associated habitat (CH), which represent olive groves without human disturbance, by assessing the existing species and the ecological services these ecosystems provide. The methodology combined field surveys in 20 different locations, flora identification, and the analysis of ecological, structural and spatial parameters through GIS tools (ArcGIS Pro). Indicators of carbon storage and fire risk were also considered. The results show that traditional olive groves (SH) play an important role in fire prevention and in preserving the cultural and landscape heritage of the region, reflecting sustainable ag- ricultural practices and harmonious integration into the landscape. On the other hand, CH olive groves show greater structural complexity as well as a higher carbon storage capacity. It is concluded that both types of olive grove are complementary: while traditional olive groves contribute to the socio-ecological and cultural resilience of the PNSAC, olive groves with as- sociated habitat strengthen the ecological and functional value of the territory, justifying inte- grated and differentiated management policies.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Olivais tradicionais Rede Natura 2000 armazenamento de carbono incêndios e valor ecológico