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Bioenergia com Captura e Armazenamento de Carbono (BECCS): desenvolvimento ou crise? Um estudo comparativo dos casos de Brasil e Estados Unidos (2007-2030)
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A condição de emergência planetária em que a Terra se encontra, característica do Antropoceno, urge a descarbonização do meio ambiente. A tecnologia de Captura e Armazenamento de Carbono acoplada à bioenergia (BECCS) é apontada pelo Painel Intergovernamental para Alterações Climáticas (IPCC, sigla em inglês) como um dos métodos mais auspiciosos para alcançar emissões negativas. No entanto, a sua aplicação em larga escala suscita polémicas de ordem social, ambiental e política. O Brasil e os Estados Unidos são os maiores produtores de biocombustíveis do mundo, ambos apresentando condições favoráveis para a inserção do BECCS em seus territórios. Em março de 2007, esses países aprofundaram suas relações bilaterais em prol do meio ambiente, assinando um protocolo de cooperação na área dos biocombustíveis. Num estudo comparativo dos casos de Brasil e Estados Unidos, tendo o foco em suas políticas domésticas e externas no que respeita à implementação desta tecnologia e ao clima, assim como suas relações; esta pesquisa propõe analisar a (in)sustentabilidade de BECCS acoplada aos biocombustíveis. Através da Prospetiva e dos Métodos de Cenário, numa abordagem mista da escola francesa introduzida por Godet e de Juvenal, e do método lógico-intuitivo, de Schwartz, tomando como corpus as entrevistas a peritos do setor, são delineados quatro cenários que pretendem desenhar os possíveis caminhos futuros da implementação de BECCS no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos e esmar a possibilidade de um protocolo de cooperação entre eles, com perspetivas multilaterais para o desenvolvimento e a inserção de BECCS a nível global. Por ser um tema contemporâneo das Relações Internacionais, que envolve a crise climática e a sustentabilidade, são aplicadas, como lente teórico-conceitual, o Antropoceno e a Teoria Verde.
The condition of planetary emergency in which the Earth finds itself, characteristic of the Anthropocene, urges the need of decarbonization of the environment. Bioenergy-coupled wih Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) technology is touted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as one of the most promising methods for achieving negative emissions. However, its large-scale applica on raises social, environmental, and political controversies. Brazil and the United States are the largest producers of biofuels in the world, both presen ng favorable conditions for the deployment of BECCS in their territories. In March 2007, they deepened their bilateral relations in favor of the environment by signing a cooperation protocol in the area of biofuels. In a comparative study of the cases of Brazil and the United States, focusing on their domestic and foreign policies regarding the implementation of this technology and on climate issues, as well as their bilateral rela ons, this research aims to analyze the (un)sustainability of BECCS coupled with biofuels. Through Foresight and Scenario Methods, in a mixed approach of the French school introduced by Godet and de Juvenal, and the logic-intuitive methodof Schwartz, taking as a corpus the interviews with experts in the sector, four scenarios are outlined that aim to design possible future pathways for the implementation of BECCS in Brazil and the United States and esmate the possibility of a cooperation protocol between them, with mul lateral perspec ves for the development and inser on of BECCS worldwide. As it is a contemporary topic in Interna onal Relations, which involves the climate crisis and sustainability, the Anthropocene and Green Theory are applied as the theoretical-conceptual lens.
The condition of planetary emergency in which the Earth finds itself, characteristic of the Anthropocene, urges the need of decarbonization of the environment. Bioenergy-coupled wih Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) technology is touted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as one of the most promising methods for achieving negative emissions. However, its large-scale applica on raises social, environmental, and political controversies. Brazil and the United States are the largest producers of biofuels in the world, both presen ng favorable conditions for the deployment of BECCS in their territories. In March 2007, they deepened their bilateral relations in favor of the environment by signing a cooperation protocol in the area of biofuels. In a comparative study of the cases of Brazil and the United States, focusing on their domestic and foreign policies regarding the implementation of this technology and on climate issues, as well as their bilateral rela ons, this research aims to analyze the (un)sustainability of BECCS coupled with biofuels. Through Foresight and Scenario Methods, in a mixed approach of the French school introduced by Godet and de Juvenal, and the logic-intuitive methodof Schwartz, taking as a corpus the interviews with experts in the sector, four scenarios are outlined that aim to design possible future pathways for the implementation of BECCS in Brazil and the United States and esmate the possibility of a cooperation protocol between them, with mul lateral perspec ves for the development and inser on of BECCS worldwide. As it is a contemporary topic in Interna onal Relations, which involves the climate crisis and sustainability, the Anthropocene and Green Theory are applied as the theoretical-conceptual lens.
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Biocombustíveis BECCS Antropoceno Teoria Verde Alterações Climáticas Sustentabilidade Biofuels Anthropocene Green Theory Climate Crisis Sustainability