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Estudo bioecológico do Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) no aquipélago da Madeira
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Desde o seu registo no Funchal em 2005 que o Aedes aegypti, principal vector do vírus da dengue e da febre amarela, tem vindo a expandir-se territorialmente apesar da implementação de medidas de controlo pelas autoridades regionais.
Face a esta situação, tornava-se necessário conhecer a bioecologia desta espécie no Arquipélago da Madeira, de forma a criar um planeamento o mais adequado possível para o seu controlo.
De forma a contribuir para aquele conhecimento, o presente trabalho teve como principais objectivos o estudo da variação sazonal, a caracterização dos biótopos larvares e a detecção de eventuais preferências, a determinação das associações larvares e o padrão de distribuição do Aedes aegypti no Arquipélago da Madeira. Os trabalhos de campo realizaram-se entre Janeiro e Agosto de 2009, sendo colocadas 53 armadilhas para a detecção de posturas (oviposição), feitas 395 observações e prospectados os potenciais biótopos.
O estudo revelou a presença da espécie apenas em três dos pontos de amostragem localizados nos concelhos de Funchal e de Câmara de Lobos entre, 0 e 235 metros de altitude.
Aedes aegypti demonstrou uma variação acentuada na sua actividade ao longo deste período,
sendo baixa na estação fria e alta na estação quente, com um pico em Agosto.
O estudo demonstrou igualmente que o Aedes aegypti colonizou 7,14% dos biótopos larvares detectados na área infestada, com preferência por biótopos larvares do tipo artificial, do subtipo plástico. Os biótopos larvares de Aedes aegypti eram maioritariamente de pequena capacidade, dependentes da água de rega, com água incolor e límpida e com presença de matéria orgânica vegetal.
Since its registration in Funchal in 2005, that Aedes aegypti, the principal vector of dengue and yellow fever, has expanded territorially despite the implementation of control measures by the regional authorities. Given this situation, it became necessary to understand the bio-ecology of this species, Aedes aegypti, in the Archipelago, and thus, implementing a plan could be the most appropriate to keep it under control. In order to increase such knowledge, the present study had as its main objective the study of seasonal variation, the characterization of larval biotopes and the detection of any preferences, to determine the associations and larval distribution patterns of Aedes aegypti in the Archipelago. The fieldwork took place between January and August 2009 and 53 traps were placed for the egg (oviposition) detection, 395 observations were made and potential biotopes prospected. The study revealed the presence of the species in only three sampling points located in the districts of Funchal and Câmara de Lobos between 0 and 235 meters above sea level. Aedes aegypti has shown a marked variation in its activity during this period, which is low in cold temperatures, high in hot season, with its peak in August. The study also showed that Aedes aegypti colonized 57.14% of the samples detected in the larval infested area, with a preference for larval biotopes of the artificial type and subtype plastic. Aedes aegypti preferred larval biotopes with small quantities of water, dependent on irrigation water, with colourless water and the presence of vegetal matter.
Since its registration in Funchal in 2005, that Aedes aegypti, the principal vector of dengue and yellow fever, has expanded territorially despite the implementation of control measures by the regional authorities. Given this situation, it became necessary to understand the bio-ecology of this species, Aedes aegypti, in the Archipelago, and thus, implementing a plan could be the most appropriate to keep it under control. In order to increase such knowledge, the present study had as its main objective the study of seasonal variation, the characterization of larval biotopes and the detection of any preferences, to determine the associations and larval distribution patterns of Aedes aegypti in the Archipelago. The fieldwork took place between January and August 2009 and 53 traps were placed for the egg (oviposition) detection, 395 observations were made and potential biotopes prospected. The study revealed the presence of the species in only three sampling points located in the districts of Funchal and Câmara de Lobos between 0 and 235 meters above sea level. Aedes aegypti has shown a marked variation in its activity during this period, which is low in cold temperatures, high in hot season, with its peak in August. The study also showed that Aedes aegypti colonized 57.14% of the samples detected in the larval infested area, with a preference for larval biotopes of the artificial type and subtype plastic. Aedes aegypti preferred larval biotopes with small quantities of water, dependent on irrigation water, with colourless water and the presence of vegetal matter.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Parasitologia médica Entomologia Vectores Aedes stegomya Madeira Aedes aegypti
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical