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Assessment of the effect of acids application during the electrodialytic recovery of lithium from mine tailings
Publication . Almeida, Joana; Pires, Carolina; Branco, Catarina; Mateus, Eduardo P.; Ribeiro, Alexandra B.; CENSE - Centro de Investigação em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT); International Society of Electrochemistry (ISE) | Elsevier
Energy transition has been driven by climate change and the need to decarbonize the transport sector. Herein, lithium-ion batteries play a prominent role in transports electrification and renewable energy sources integration, which has been increasing lithium demand worldwide. To alleviate lithium primary resources exploitation, the use of secondary resources of lithium are desirable, considering a circular perspective. Mine tailings are generated in massive volumes, due to low ore grades, and may present contents of lithium-based minerals. Therefore, proper management is required to guarantee the safety of this resource, offering also an opportunity for secondary recovery of critical raw materials, such as lithium. The present work aimed to analyse the potential of the electrodialytic process to recover lithium from mine tailings with lepidolite contents. The addition of inorganic and organic acids was tested, to address the synergy between the electrodialytic process and acids extraction. Pre-heat of the solid suspension and of the solid sample was also considered. Bench scale experiments were conducted considering a two-compartment electrodialytic reactor at 100 mA, with a cation exchange membrane interposed. Eight different acids, at concentrations of 0.1 mol/L and 0.5 mol/L, were tested individually and in mixture, during 3, 4 and 10 days. The highest lithium recovery ratio (29.8%) was obtained for the experiment conducted with oxalic acid at 0.5 mol/L and suspension pre-heated (55 °C) for 24 h These conditions improved chemical reactivity and the dissolution of lithium minerals.
Electrodialytic lithium extraction from secondary resources
Publication . Almeida, Joana; Gouveia, Joana R.; Ribeiro, Inês S.; Pires, Carolina; Mateus, Eduardo P.; Ribeiro, Alexandra B.; CENSE - Centro de Investigação em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade; Elsevier BV
In transportation, large-scale electrification, particularly through lithium-ion batteries, is expected to drive significant emissions reductions while simultaneously increasing global lithium demand. However, the limited availability of lithium, compounded by geopolitical constraints, poses risks to the energy transition, namely in the European Union. Adopting circular economy models offers a sustainable approach to increase resource recovery. The present research aims to assess the potential of the electrodialytic process for lithium recovery from wastewater generated during lithium-ion battery recycling and aluminium-lithium alloy dust processing, as well as related environmental and economic impacts. Bench-scale experiments were conducted using two-compartment electrodialytic reactors, operated at 50 mA, 100 mA and 200 mA with a cation-exchange membrane interposed. Tests were performed over 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Lithium recovery reached 91.54 % from the aluminium-lithium alloy dust and 97.23 % from the wastewater of lithium-ion battery recycling. The cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment resulted in 0.26 kg of CO2 eq/g Li global warming impacts for wastewater of lithium-ion battery recycling, and 46.40 kg of CO2 eq/g Li for aluminium-lithium alloy dust. Material flow cost accounting showed lower recovery costs for wastewater (0.36 €/g Li versus 129.26 €/g Li). Energy consumption in the reactor is the primary hotspot, where optimizing energy and time efficiency could reduce environmental and economic impacts.
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
Concurso de avaliação no âmbito do Programa Plurianual de Financiamento de Unidades de I&D (2017/2018) - Financiamento Programático
Número da atribuição
UIDP/04085/2020