NSBE - PhD Thesis
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- Of ghosts and strangers in family firms: the founder’s shadow in the organization’s daily lifePublication . Dinis, Liliana Brioso Martins de Andrade; Neves, PedroThe influence of a founder in a family business, constitutes a significant yet understudied aspect of family business research. This thesis is a combination of three distinct studies, each one building on the previous and going further in the understanding of the founder’s shadow concept. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the founder's enduring impact not only at the organizational level, but also on its stakeholders. We start our journey by going deeper on the notion that the founder’s impact is only significant on the immediate subsequent generations. Through a qualitative study, we investigate 25 family firms, and our findings reveal that founders cast a long-lasting shadow over multiple generations and that it may even persist beyond the founding family’s ownership. Ou study reveals the pivotal role of the community of employees in perpetuating the founder’s shadow, showing that keeping the shadow alive is not only a family matter, but also a bottom-up movement. This is a very important insight which helps us understand the importance and positive implications of such an enduring influence. Maintaining the shadow is contributing to the reinforcement of collective identity. The second study seeks to formally conceptualize and measure the notion of the founder's shadow. To better understand the relationships and importance of such construct, we need a reliable measure. Therefore, we initiated a rigorous process of defining and validating a comprehensive scale. From the previous qualitative study, we identified 154 potential scale items. Subsequent external validation streamlined this to a robust 31-item scale. With factor analytic techniques, we retained four distinct dimensions: founder employee-centred leadership, founder reputation, founder leadership mimicry, and founder relationship orientation. Our scale, thus established, demonstrated high reliability, and opened the way for new research opportunities. Finally, our last study built on the previous works to respond to the academic community’s call for better measurement tools in the family business field (Pearson et al., 2014). We tested the scale’s applicability and efficacy in predicting organizational outcomes. Through two quantitative studies encompassing 479 respondents, we shed light on pivotal implications on behavioural intentions, attitudes towards the organization and work.
- Essays in inequality, conflict, and politicsPublication . Grácio, Matilde; Vicente, PedroSocial inequalities and deficiencies in governance are barriers to the establishment of an inclusive and sustainable society. The first two chapters of this thesis delve into the relationship between different types of inequalities and antisocial behaviors. Specifically, the first chapter uses cross-country and individual approaches to look at the relationship between intergenerational mobility and political violence. The second uses a lab-in-the-field to study the relationship between inequality and antisocial behavior. The third chapter focuses on the cornerstone of democratic governance: voting. Particularly, it uses a randomized controlled trial to study the impact of the distribution of a free newspaper and get-out-the-vote text messages on political behavior.
- Essays in environmental economicsPublication . Murasheva, Mariia; Cunha-e-Sá, Maria AntonietaThe first chapter of the dissertation examines the effect of individual-level daily silicon dust exposure from cement production on the probability of hospital admissions for respiratory-related reasons in the city of Fokino, Bryanskii region, Russia. We find a significant impact of silicon dust on hospitalizations for children and elderly adults. The second chapter estimates the impact of the daily nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on the number of hospital admissions due to respiratory-related reasons in Portugal between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018. I find a significant impact of the daily nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration increase on the number of hospital admissions due to specific respiratory-related reasons (pneumonia, COPD, asthma) among children 2 to 5 years old. The third chapter explores the negative relationship between the unemployment rate and the mortality rate at the US county level and identifies the conditions under which the effect is present. I find evidence that air pollution may partially explain the relationship between the two factors. Still, the effect is present only when pollution levels are close to or above the average US levels.
- Three essays on corporate environmental pollutionPublication . Hittmair, Franziska; Ragozzino, Roberto; Cuypers, YouthaThis dissertation explores determinants and consequences of corporate environmental pollution. In a series of three empirical essays, this dissertation examines the effect of mergers and acquisitions on pollution reduction initiatives, differences in pollution between foreign and domestic-owned facilities, and how firms manage stakeholder evaluations following peer firms’ environmental misconduct. Key findings highlight the importance of deliberate resource allocation to effectively reduce corporate environmental pollution, and the crucial role of communication to manage stakeholder evaluations. Overall, this dissertation contributes to the intersection of research on corporate environmental sustainability and strategic management.
- Essays on Macroeconomic PolicyPublication . Oliveira, João Henrique Barata Gouveia de; Brinca, Pedro; Duarte, JoãoThis dissertation is composed from a set of papers on macroprudential and fiscal policy. In the first chapter, we use a heterogeneous agents model and micro data in order to investigate the aggregate and distributional impacts of setting mortgage borrowing caps at the household level. We show that this policy is able to reduce household indebtedness and default, and render them less responsive to a tightening of monetary policy. However, this comes at a significant cost for younger and poorer households, which are the most constrained by these limits. In the second chapter, we ask what is the role of technological change in the rise of earnings inequality in the U.S. and what are the implications for optimal progressivity of the tax system. We find that technological change can fully account for the rise in earnings dispersion. In isolation, this would strengthen the case for increasing progressivity. However, we find that a reduction in progressivity is optimal, as it encourages workers to move to more productive and higher paid occupations. This increases output, due to increased savings and capital. It also raises the wages of lower paid workers, who benefit from larger marginal productivity due to the outflow of workers to higher paid occupations. In the third chapter, we design a measure of the credit cycle to signal the onset of financial crises in the future. We use a real-time state-space framework and cross-country data to estimate a semi-structural model of credit in the economy. Movements in the credit cycle are interpreted as changes in lending standards. Our main contribution is to calculate an indicator in real time which is derived from economic theory and performs well compared with other real time indicators in crisis signaling. In contrast, most new measures in the literature use future information to derive early-warning indicators. Keywords: Macroeconomics, Technological Change, Fiscal Policy, Taxation, Inequality, Macroprudential Policy, Housing, Credit, Financial Crises, Heterogeneous Agents, Statespace modeling.
- Agroforestry system and cashew cultivation: Strategy for a sustainable development in east TimorPublication . Guterres, Lara Maria Aquino; Romeiras, Maria Manuel Cordeiro Salgueiro; Monteiro, Filipa Isabel de Almeida; Mexia, António Maria Marques; Cortez, Nuno Renato da SilvaBackground: Agriculture is the main economic activity in East Timor, providing the subsistence of about 80% of the population. Most crops have low-market values in comparison with cash crops like coffee (the main export commodity nowadays) and cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). This tropical tree, native to South America and currently cultivated in most tropical countries, is relatively recent in East Timor, where adequate conditions for its cultivation exist. Aims: This thesis aims at characterizing the cashew agroforestry and to evaluate its potential as a sustainable cash crop in the country. Based on an extensive field survey, this was performed by: i) a preliminary characterization of the main pests and diseases affecting this crop; ii) soil characterization of the cashew orchards; iii) assessing the genetic diversity of the populations; iv) evaluating the diversity and nutritional characteristics of the legume species occurring in the cashew agrosystems; v) examining the agro-economic potential of this cash crop. Results: The most severe symptoms observed in cashew trees were related with advanced stages of gummosis; symptoms of other fungal diseases were also observed that might significantly affect nut development. Soil nutrients are apparently not limiting for, nor limited by, cashew orchards. The genetic diversity of cashew populations was higher than that found in other tropical countries, suggesting multiple events of cashew introduction in the country and representing a promising resource for future crop improvement. The legume species grown in cashew agroforests of East Timor are excellent sources of minerals, representing an invaluable potential to meet the nutritional needs of the local populations. The results indicate that guidelines are needed to establish the most adequate management practices for the sustainable production of cashew in East Timor. They should aim to improve the productivity (e.g., cultivating high-yield and high-quality cashew varieties), the orchard's resilience (e.g., intercropping with other species), the food security for local populations (e.g., co-association with legumes), the market value of cashew nut (e.g., genetic signature of the producer country/region), the market supply chain (e.g., maximizing the use of co-products, such as apple and wood), and the overall biodiversity, Guterres, L. (2022) Agroforestry system and cashew cultivation: strategy for a sustainable development in East Timor iv with positive social impacts (e.g., medicinal and edible plants) and reducing the risk of pests and diseases, as well as of the fluctuations of cashew market prices. Conclusions: Although this study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the cashew orchards in East Timor, it will be crucial to continue the research started in this thesis. Specifically, further studies are needed, to make a full phytosanitary assessment, as only the early detection of diseases and pests allows the establishment of effective prevention measures; and further explore the genetic diversity of Anacardium occidentale including samples from other regions of Southeast Asia, and its possible use in breeding programs. Finally, it should be noted that given the growing economic importance of cashew as an agricultural product in East Timor, this thesis presents new data resulting from multidisciplinary approaches, launching future research directions, with a view to the knowledge and sustainable use of cashew orchards in an understudied region of Southeast Asia - East Timor.
- Essays in development economics: the uptake of new technologiesPublication . Caeiro, Rute Martins; Vicente, PedroThis dissertation consists of three self-contained chapters in development economics. Each chapter contributes to the understanding of rural households’ decision-making in the uptake of new technologies. The first chapter shows that agricultural training focusing on crop-nutrition information contributes positively to farmers’ knowledge and adoption decisions. The second chapter shows how community leaders can be mobilized to increase health insurance take-up along social networks. The third chapter explores the pathways of technology diffusion through social networks, following the experimental introduction of agricultural innovations.
- Three essays on celebrity branding and environmental projects: how manipulation, objectification, transparency, and congruence in marketing strategies impact consumer attitudesPublication . Dechadilok, Chananan; Martinez, Luis Manuel da Silva Pereira Fructuoso; Faust, Natalie Truong; Consiglio, IreneThis research explores how manipulation strategies, objectification, and congruence influence consumer perceptions and attitudes across entertainment and environmental contexts. The first study examines how objectification mediates manipulation strategy on music celebrities toward audience attitudes. The second study focuses on Korean Pop celebrities, revealing how transparent and customer-centric approach mitigates negative perceptions of inauthenticity and lead to favorable attitudes. Finally, the third study investigates how congruence between green projects and their locations influences public acceptance and attitudes. Together, the findings highlight the importance of aligning marketing strategies with consumer expectations through transparency and fit, offering insights into objectification, human branding, and marketing communication literature in diverse industries.
- Micro-foundations in M&APublication . Delgado, João Pedro Pires dos Reis Muralha; Gomes, Emanuel; Neves, PedroDespite numerous annual mergers and acquisitions (M&A) deals, most do not meet expectations. Researchers have been studying macro-level factors impacting post-acquisition performance, but there is a growing recognition of the importance of micro-foundational aspects at individual and group levels. In this research, we present three studies focused on micro-foundational aspects occurring in M&A deals. First, we conducted a multi-phased review of the literature in the fields of Business, Management, Organizational Behavior, and Psychology on individual behaviors in acquisitions. With the multi-phased approach, we developed a hierarchical structure supported by common theoretical lenses to identify links among the concepts in the dispersed literature and gaps for future research. Second, we narrowed the multi-phased literature investigation to specifically address the topic of individual emotions in acquisitions, revealing a predominant focus on negative emotions to mitigate performance risks and a relative neglect of the potential associated with positive emotions. Third, we utilized a unique dataset of recent acquisitions to demonstrate the signalling influence of the acquirer's full or partial strategy depending on the target’s profile in terms of financial performance and strategic aspects (such as accumulated knowledge), and the associated micro-level behaviors and reactions of the managers and employees of the acquired entity.
- Competition and regulation in the pharmaceutical marketPublication . Santos, Carolina Borges da Cunha; Barros, Pedro PitaThis dissertation studies competition and pricing dynamics in the market for reimbursed off-patent drugs, in Portugal. Chapter 1 investigates pharmaceutical firms’ pricing decisions and consumers’ reaction to prices following a change in the internal reference pricing system. Using the statins market as a case-study, chapter 2 evaluates possible channels through which firms’ market power is likely to be affected. In particular, it tests the mutual forbearance hypothesis, according to which firms exploit multimarket contacts to soften competition. The last chapter proposes a new theory-founded multimarket contact measure and studies the impact of multimarket contacts on pharmaceutical firms’ exit decision.