Cid-Samamed, AntonioCorrea-Duarte, Miguel ÁngelMariño-López, AndreaDiniz, Mário S.2024-02-222024-02-222023-11-091661-6596PURE: 83891771PURE UUID: 3f23b031-22a6-4b02-beba-7cd9b2d30343Scopus: 85177753250WOS: 001114463700001PubMed: 38003314PubMedCentral: PMC10671163http://hdl.handle.net/10362/163985A. Cid-Samamed thanks the action financed by the Ministry of Universities under application 33.50.460A.752 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR through a María Zambrano contract from the University of Vigo, belonging to the launch of a European Recovery Instrument (“Next Generation EU”), aimed at requalifying the Spanish university system, specifically for teachers and attracting international talent. Funding Information: Funding for open access charge: University of Vigo/CISUG. This work is financed by national funds from FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences—UCIBIO, and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy—i4HB. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.The increasing attention that carbon-based nanomaterials have attracted due to their distinctive properties makes them one of the most widely used nanomaterials for industrial purposes. However, their toxicity and environmental effects must be carefully studied, particularly regarding aquatic biota. The implications of these carbon-based nanomaterials on aquatic ecosystems, due to their potential entry or accidental release during manufacturing and treatment processes, need to be studied because their impacts upon living organisms are not fully understood. In this research work, the toxicity of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Ox-MWCNTs) was measured using the freshwater bivalve (Corbicula fluminea) after exposure to different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 mg·L−1 Ox-MWCNTs) for 14 days. The oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes were analyzed (pH, Raman microscopy, high-resolution electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering), showing their properties and behavior (size, aggregation state, and structure) in water media. The antioxidant defenses in the organism’s digestive gland and gills were evaluated through measuring oxidative stress enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase), lipid peroxidation, and total ubiquitin. The results showed a concentration-dependent response of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and GST) in both tissues (gills and digestive glands) for all exposure periods in bivalves exposed to the different concentrations of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Lipid peroxidation (MDA content) showed a variable response with the increase in oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the gills after 7 and 14 exposure days. Overall, after 14 days, there was an increase in total Ub compared to controls. Overall, the oxidative stress observed after the exposure of Corbicula fluminea to oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes indicates that the discharge of these nanomaterials into aquatic ecosystems can affect the biota as well as potentially accumulate in the trophic chain, and may even put human health at risk if they ingest contaminated animals.173684002engbiomarkersCorbicula flumineaoxidative stress enzymesoxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubesCatalysisMolecular BiologySpectroscopyComputer Science ApplicationsPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryOrganic ChemistryInorganic ChemistrySDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingSDG 15 - Life on Landjournal article10.3390/ijms242216122https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85177753250