Sedrati, FatehBouzahouane, HanaMenaa, MohcenKhaldi, FadilaBouarroudj, TayebGzara, LassaadBensalem, MouniraLaouar, OmarSleimi, NoomeneNasri, HichemSilva, Carla O.Ouali, Kheireddine2025-06-252025-061532-0456PURE: 117077436PURE UUID: e16d0baf-77fc-4d92-aefa-8947bd35651dScopus: 85218969975PubMed: 40010532WOS: 001438089900001http://hdl.handle.net/10362/184459Funding Information: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Carla O. Silva acknowledges the independent funding received from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT I.P., Portugal) within the framework of the UID/04292/MARE-Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente and the project LA/P/0069/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0069/2020) granted to the Associate Laboratory ARNET - Aquatic Research Network. Publisher Copyright: © 2025 Elsevier Inc.Nanoparticles (NPs) have actively contributed to nanotechnologies advancement over the last years, due to the unique properties they possess compared to their pristine counterparts. Consequently, NPs found wide applications in various fields such as the medical, biomedical, chemical, agro-food industries, and cosmetology. NP's extensive uses could lead to their release into the environment, especially in the marine ecosystems, considered as NPs sink, resulting in harmful effects on organisms. Concerns regarding NPs' toxicity in aquatic organisms have emerged, however, several points remain unexplored. In the present study, the toxicity of chromium oxide (Cr2O3 = 42 nm) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3 = 38 nm) NPs (1 mg/L, 2.5 mg/L, and 5 mg/L) in the gills of the marine gastropod Stramonita haemastoma was assessed through time (7, 14, and 28 days) by a multi-biomarker, Integrated biomarkers response (IBR), and Histological analysis. Both NPs induced varied changes in the antioxidant system, suggesting the onset of oxidative stress marked by superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), metallothionein (MT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels imbalance. Varied histological alterations in the gills of S. haemastoma were also observed including inflammation, hypertrophy, and lamellar fusion, IBR proved to be a promising tool for assessing NPs toxicity in gastropods. In this study results indicated the co-response of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), CAT, SOD, and MT after 28 days of exposure. S. haemastoma showed sensitivity to all exposure concentrations of NPs thus validating this species as a suitable indicator of NPs contamination and toxicity.172127522engAl2O3 NPsCr2O3 NPsHistopathologyIntegrated biomarkers response (IBR)Oxidative stressStramonita haemastomaBiochemistryPhysiologyAquatic ScienceAnimal Science and ZoologyToxicologyCell BiologyHealth, Toxicology and MutagenesisSDG 14 - Life Below Waterjournal article10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110159https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85218969975https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:001438089900001https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40010532/