Martins, Luís VeigaHahn, Sandro2026-06-162026-06-162025-01-202024-12-17http://hdl.handle.net/10362/203795European offshore energy highly depends on wind turbines using rare earth elements (REEs) that are mainly sourced from China. Europe therefore faces significant geopolitical and supply chain risks, which this study assesses based on literature research, expert interviews and scenario analyses. Results show that Europe is unlikely to reach its offshore wind targets for 2030. The expected scenario is characterized by insufficient and slow progress. Its mitigation requires REE sourcing diversification and the implementation of innovative technologies and supportive policies. These findings underscore the importance of securing REE supply chains to maintain growth in offshore wind and meet climate targets.engOffshore windRare earth elementsEnergy transitionGeopoliticSupply chain disruptionRare dependency and its long-term effects of offshore wind turbine supply chains in Europe: balancing demend and capacity in Europthrough 2030Offshore wind development in Europe: rare materials and supply chain challenges: geopolitical and economic f:actors: pessimistic scenariomaster thesis203990099