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MBagherieh, SaraS, ManjulaSaber-ayad, Maha MohamedSaberzadeh-ardestani, BaharSabour, SiamakAlvis-guzman, NelsonButt, Zahid ASaddik, BasemaSadeghi, ErfanSaeb, Mohammad RezaSaeed, UmarSafaei, MohsenBahadory, SaeedSafary, AzamSahebazzamani, MaryamSahebkar, AmirhosseinSahoo, HariharCaetano Dos Santos, Florentino LucianoSajid, Mirza RizwanAmare, FirehiwotSalari, HedayatSalehi, SanaSalem, Marwa RashadSalimzadeh, HamidehBaig, Atif AminSamodra, Yoseph LeonardoSamy, Abdallah MSanabria, JuanCámera, Luis AlbertoSankararaman, SenthilkumarSanmarchi, FrancescoSantric-milicevic, Milena MAmeyaw, Edward KwabenaSaqib, Muhammad Arif NadeemSarveazad, ArashSarvi, FatemehBaker, Jennifer LSathian, BrijeshSatpathy, MaheswarCao, ChaoSayegh, NicolasSchneider, Ione Jayce CeolaSchwarzinger, MichaëlŠekerija, MarioSenthilkumaran, SubramanianAminian Dehkordi, Javad JavadSepanlou, Sadaf GSeylani, AllenBakhtiari, AhadSeyoum, KenbonCao, YinSha, FengShafaat, OmidShah, Pritik AShahabi, SaeedShahid, IzzaShahrbaf, Mohammad AminShahsavari, Hamid RAmirzade-iranaq, Mohammad HoseinShaikh, Masood AliBakshi, Ravleen KaurCarreras, GiuliaShaka, Mohammed FeyissoShaker, ElahehShannawaz, MohammedSharew, Mequannent Melaku SharewSharifi, AzamSharifi-rad, JavadSharma, PurvaShashamo, Bereket BeyeneSheikh, AzizAmu, HubertZaki, NazarBanach, MaciejSheikh, MahdiSheikhbahaei, SaraSheikhi, Rahim AliSheikhy, AliShepherd, Peter RobinShetty, AdithiShetty, Jeevan KShetty, Ranjitha SShibuya, KenjiCarvalho, MárciaShirkoohi, Rezaabd-elsalam, sheriefAmusa, Ganiyu AdeniyiShirzad-aski, HesamaddinShivakumar, K MShivalli, SiddharudhaShivarov, VelizarShobeiri, ParnianShokri Varniab, ZahraShorofi, Seyed AfshinCembranel, FrancieliShrestha, SunilSibhat, Migbar MekonnenBanerjee, IndrajitSiddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep KAncuceanu, RobertSidemo, Negussie BotiSilva, Diego Augusto SantosSilva, Luís Manuel Lopes RodriguesSilva Julian, GuilhermeSilvestris, NicolaCerin, EsterSimegn, WudnehSingh, Achintya DineshSingh, AmbrishBardhan, MainakSingh, GarimaSingh, HarpreetAnderson, Jason ASingh, Jasvinder ASingh, Jitendra KumarSingh, ParamdeepChakraborty, Promit AnanyoSingh, SurjitSinha, Dhirendra NarainSinke, Abiy HSiraj, Md ShahjahanBarone-adesi, FrancescoSitas, FreddySiwal, Samarjeet SinghSkryabin, Valentin YurievichAnimut, Yaregal AnimutSkryabina, Anna AleksandrovnaAbidi, HassanSocea, BogdanSoeberg, Matthew JSofi-mahmudi, AhmadSolomon, YonatanSoltani-zangbar, Mohammad SadeghBarra, FabioSong, SuhangSong, YimengSorensen, Reed J DSoshnikov, SergeyCharalampous, PeriklisAnoushiravani, AmirSotoudeh, HoumanSowe, AlieuSufiyan, Mu'awiyyah BabaleSuk, RyanSuleman, MuhammadBarrow, AmadouSuliankatchi Abdulkader, RizwanSultana, SaimaSur, DanielChattu, Vijay KumarSzócska, MiklósTabaeian, Seidamir PashaAnoushirvani, Ali ArashTabarés-seisdedos, RafaelTabatabaei, Seyyed MohammadTabuchi, TakahiroTadbiri, HoomanBashir, Nasir ZTaheri, EnsiyehTaheri, MajidChimed-ochir, OdgerelTaheri Soodejani, MoslemTakahashi, KenTalaat, Iman MTampa, MirceaAnsari-moghaddam, AlirezaTan, Ker-kanTat, Nathan YTat, Vivian YBashiri, AzadehTavakoli, AhmadChirinos-caceres, Jesus LorenzoTavakoli, ArashTehrani-banihashemi, ArashTekalegn, YohannesTesfay, Fisaha HaileThapar, RekhaThavamani, AravindAnsha, Mustafa GeletoThoguluva Chandrasekar, ViveksandeepThomas, NihalBasu, SauravCho, Daniel YoungwhanThomas, Nikhil KennyTicoalu, Jansje Henny VeraTiyuri, AmirTollosa, Daniel NigusseTopor-madry, RomanTouvier, MathildeTovani-palone, Marcos RobertoTraini, EugenioAntony, BennyTran, Mai Thi NgocZaman, Burhan AbdullahBatiha, Abdul-monim MohammadTripathy, Jaya PrasadUkke, Gebresilasea GendishaUllah, IrfanUllah, SaifUllah, SanaUnnikrishnan, BhaskaranVacante, MarcoVaezi, MaryamValadan Tahbaz, Sahel2022-08-252022-08-252022-08-010140-6736PURE: 46142422PURE UUID: a19562ee-a0f5-4b8b-8fbe-5cd7a387a5aecrossref: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01438-6WOS: 000848750400018Scopus: 85136218317http://hdl.handle.net/10362/143311Funding: J A Loureiro reports support for the present manuscript from Scientific Employment Stimulus (FCT; CEECINST/00049/2018) as support to their salary and from UIDB/00511/2020 of the LEPABE, funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) as research support.BACKGROUND: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. METHODS: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. FINDINGS: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01-4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3-48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1-45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60-3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8-54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36-1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5-41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6-28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8-25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9-42·8] and 33·3% [25·8-42·0]). INTERPRETATION: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.engSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingjournal articlehttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01438-6