Tavares, JoséSteinert, Richard2025-08-052025-01-202025-01-20http://hdl.handle.net/10362/186051This work investigates the determinants of AI-related collaborations, patents, and investments using a gravity equation approach, addressing critical gaps in understanding the development phase of AI. Analyzing panel data spanning 2013-2022 across 176 countries, the findings reveal that economic size, geographic proximity, and development levels significantly influence AI activity. While developed countries dominate across all observation metrics in absolute numbers, developing regions show notable growth in research collaborations. Targeted policy interventions are proposed to bridge disparities, strengthen knowledge creation, and foster inclusive AI ecosystems. The results emphasize the strategic importance of the development phase in achieving equitable human development outcomes.engArtificial IntelligenceAI DeterminantsGravity equationInclusive developmentGlobal governancePolicymaster thesis203962567