Bernardo, Luís Manuel A. V.2021-05-192021-05-192021-011984-4247PURE: 27512747PURE UUID: 328cd655-7c93-49d1-b192-a83b944efa71ORCID: /0000-0002-3587-7799/work/94061326WOS: 000605144600019http://hdl.handle.net/10362/117942UIDB/04666/2020 UIDP/04666/2020Matias Aires’s (São Paulo, 1705-Agualva, 1763) was a prominent figure in the Portuguese and Brazilian Enlightenment. In this article, we argue that the coherence of his work stems from the way he understood the metaphysical experience of time. In the first part, we establish a kind of contradiction between the biographical path and the sequence of the vanities criticized in order to deduce this experiential philosophic ground. In a second moment, we show how it operates in Reflexões sobre a Vaidade dos Homens, his masterpiece. Finally, we conclude, identifying the presence of this same concern in the relative indecision about alternatives to the empire of vanity. Matias Aires’s (São Paulo, 1705-Agualva, 1763) was a prominent figure in the Portuguese and Brazilian Enlightenment. In this article, we argue that the coherence of his work stems from the way he understood the metaphysical experience of time. In the first part, we establish a kind of contradiction between the biographical path and the sequence of the vanities criticized in order to deduce this experiential philosophic ground. In a second moment, we show how it operates in Reflexões sobre a Vaidade dos Homens, his masterpiece. Finally, we conclude, identi-fying the presence of this same concern in the relative indecision about alternatives to the em-pire of vanity.14130443porMatias AiresPortuguese and Brazilian EnlightenmentNeo-StoicismTimeEthicsPhilosophy of CultureIlustração Portuguesa e BrasileiraFilosofia MoralFilosofia da CulturaNeo-Estoicismo. Tempojournal article10.36517/Argumentos.25.18https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000605144600019http://periodicos.ufc.br/argumentos/article/view/61510