Santos, Guilherme Reis de SantanaRibeiro, Caíque Jordan NunesSantos Júnior, José Flávio Cerqueira dosAlmeida, Valdemar SilvaNascimento, Rita de Cassia DiasBarreto, Nilo Manoel Pereira VieiraSousa, Anderson Reis deBezerra-Santos, MárcioCepas, Lariane AngelFernandes, Ana Paula MoraisMendes, Isabel Amélia CostaSantos Júnior, Aires Garcia dosMaronesi, Maria Luisa PereiraSousa, Álvaro Francisco Lopes de2024-12-192024-12-192024-112076-393XPURE: 105111405PURE UUID: 6ca2eb84-a3da-40d1-bfb8-92d0d5758201Scopus: 85210154244WOS: 001366553400001PubMed: 39591132PubMedCentral: PMC11598715http://hdl.handle.net/10362/176567Funding Information: Coordena\u00E7\u00E3o de Aperfei\u00E7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00EDvel Superior (CAPES)\u2014Financial Code: 001. Publisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.Background: Mpox is a viral zoonosis that has gained increased attention due to a global outbreak in 2022, significantly impacting men who have sex with men (MSM). Vaccination for this disease poses a public health challenge; because it carries a strong stigma, there may be greater hesitancy in vulnerable groups. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with Mpox vaccine hesitancy among Brazilian MSM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September and December 2022 using an online survey targeted at MSM. Recruitment was carried out through social media and dating apps. The sample consisted of 1449 participants and the analysis involved bivariate logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of Mpox vaccine hesitancy was 7.57%. The significant factors associated with hesitancy were primarily related to sexual practices and attitudes towards Mpox exposure and diagnosis, such as not using “glory holes” (aOR: 19.82; 95% CI: 1.60–245.69), reluctance to undergo pre- and post-exposure testing for Mpox (aOR: 9.54; 95% CI: 5.52–16.48), and not knowing close contacts diagnosed with Mpox (aOR: 4.09; 95% CI: 1.72–9.73). Participants who would not take precautions after diagnosis (aOR: 3.00; 95% CI: 1.27–7.07) and those who would not disclose their serological status (aOR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.13–3.30) also showed a higher likelihood of vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion: Public health strategies should address these factors to expand knowledge about vaccination barriers, plan educational campaigns with targeted messaging for the MSM population, and provide inclusive healthcare environments to increase vaccine acceptance and reduce Mpox transmission in vulnerable groups.318368engdiscriminationhesitancymen who have sex with menmpoxrisk factorssexual behaviorstigmavaccination acceptancevaccineImmunologyPharmacologyDrug DiscoveryInfectious DiseasesPharmacology (medical)SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingjournal article10.3390/vaccines12111229https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85210154244