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YTavakoli, AhmadFaisaluddin, MohammedTbakhi, AbdelghaniTehrani-banihashemi, ArashBrenner, HermannTemsah, Mohamad-haniTesfay, Fisaha HaileTesfaye, BekeleThakur, Jarnail SinghThapar, RekhaThavamani, AravindAlhassan, Robert KabaFares, JawadThiyagarajan, ArulmaniThomas, NihalTobe-gai, RuoyanBulamu, Norma BTogtmol, MunkhsaikhanTohidast, Seyed AbolfazlTohidinik, Hamid RezaTolani, Musliu AdetolaTollosa, Daniel NigusseTouvier, MathildeFarooque, UmarTovani-palone, Marcos RobertoAli, SaqibTraini, EugenioTran, Bach XuanBurkart, KatrinTran, Mai Thi NgocTripathy, Jaya PrasadTusa, Biruk ShalmenoUkke, Gebresilasea GendishaUllah, IrfanFasanmi, Abidemi OmolaraUllah, SaifUmapathi, Krishna KishoreUnnikrishnan, BhaskaranAlicandro, GianfrancoUpadhyay, EraErdomaeva, Yana ArturovnaUshula, Tolassa WakayoVacante, MarcoValadan Tahbaz, SahelVarthya, Shoban BabuFatima, WafaVeroux, MassimilianoVilleneuve, Paul JViolante, Francesco SVlassov, VasilyVu, Giang ThuAlipour, VahidBustamante-teixeira, Maria TeresaWaheed, YasirWang, NingWard, PaulFerreira De Oliveira, José Miguel PWeldesenbet, Adisu BirhanuWen, Yi FengWesterman, RonnyWinkler, Andrea SylviaWubishet, Befikadu LegesseXu, SuowenYahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed HosseinButt, Nadeem ShafiqueAljunid, Syed MohamedYang, LinFerrero, SimoneYaya, SanniYazdi-feyzabadi, VahidYazie, Taklo SimenehYehualashet, Sisay ShewasinadYeshaneh, AlexYeshaw, YigizieYirdaw, Birhanu WubaleYonemoto, NaohiroButt, Zahid AYounis, Mustafa ZAyala Quintanilla, Beatriz PaulinaAlkhayyat, MotasemYousefi, ZabihollahYu, ChuanhuaYunusa, IsmaeelZadnik, VesnaZahir, MazyarZahirian Moghadam, TelmaZamani, MohammadZamanian, MaryamCaetano Dos Santos, Florentino LucianoFerro Desideri, LorenzoZandian, HamedZare, FaribaAlluri, SunithaZastrozhin, Mikhail SergeevichZastrozhina, AnasthasiaZhang, JianrongZhang, Zhi-jiangZiapour, ArashZoladl, MohammadMurray, Christopher J LFetensa, GetahunCao, ChaoFitzmaurice, ChristinaBleyer, ArchieBhakta, NickhillAlmasri, Nihad AAl-maweri, Sadeq AliAlmustanyir, SamiAl-raddadi, Rajaa MAlvis-guzman, NelsonAmeyaw, Edward KwabenaFilip, IrinaAmini, SaeedCao, YinAmu, HubertAncuceanu, RobertAndrei, Catalina LilianaAndrei, TudorelAnsari, FereshtehAnsari-moghaddam, AlirezaAnvari, DavoodAnyasodor, Anayochukwu EdwardRies, Lynn Ann GloecklerArabloo, JalalArab-zozani, MortezaCarreras, GiuliaArgaw, Ayele MamoArshad, MuhammadArulappan, JudieAryannejad, ArminAsemi, ZatollahAsghari Jafarabadi, MohammadAtashzar, Mohammad RezaFischer, FlorianAtorkey, PrinceAtreya, AlokAttia, SamehCatalá-lópez, FerránCembranel, FrancieliCerin, EsterGunasekera, D SanjeevaChakinala, Raja ChandraChakraborty, Promit AnanyoChattu, Vijay KumarFisher, James LChaturvedi, PankajChaurasia, AkhilanandChavan, Prachi PChimed-ochir, OdgerelChoi, Jee-young JasmineChristopher, Devasahayam JChu, Dinh-toiJohn-akinola, Yetunde OChung, Michael TConde, JoãoForoutan, MasoudCosta, Vera MarisaDa'ar, Omar BDadras, OmidDahlawi, Saad M ADai, XiaochenDamiani, GiovanniD'amico, EmanueleDandona, LalitKetterl, Tyler GDandona, RakhiFukumoto, TakeshiGaal, Peter AndrasGad, Mohamed MAyele, Alemu DeguGaewkhiew, PiyadaGallus, SilvanoGarg, TusharGebremeskel, Teferi GebruRodriguez-galindo, CarlosGemeda, Belete Negese BeleteGetachew, TamiruGhafourifard, MansourGhamari, Seyyed-hadiGhashghaee, AhmadAyen, Solomon ShituGhassemi, FaribaGhith, NerminGholami, AliGholizadeh Navashenaq, JamshidGilani, Syed AmirSagoyan, Garik BarisovichGinindza, Themba GGizaw, Abraham TamiratGlasbey, James CGoel, AmitAzab, Mohammed AGolechha, Mahaveer2021-12-222021-12-222022-011470-2045PURE: 35525387PURE UUID: 4ec5af6e-9b59-4f9b-a37e-80027770faaacrossref: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00581-7Scopus: 85122091989WOS: 000821937900038http://hdl.handle.net/10362/129679Funding: J A Loureiro acknowledges support from Base Funding UIDB/00511/2020 of the LEPABE funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) and Scientific Employment Stimulus (FCT) [CEECINST/00049/2018].Background: In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15–39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods: Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15–39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings: There were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11–1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000–425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15–39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5–65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8–57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14·2 [12·9–15·6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13·6 [12·6–14·8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23·5 million (21·9–25·2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2·7% (1·9–3·6) came from YLDs and 97·3% (96·4–98·1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation: Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the National Cancer Institute.engSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingjournal articlehttps://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00581-7